Utilization and efficiency of ground granulated blast furnace slag on concrete properties – A review

Waste recycling avoids waste landfilling and all associated releases. It also allows for saving nonrenewable resources. However, the new commercial interest for waste can be seen as a shift in their status from waste to co-product. This has important consequences for environmental load allocation between the different industrial products (and co-products) in industrial plants. In this paper, the specific case of cement has been studied. Actually, to reduce the environmental impact of cement and concrete, industries have been engaged over the last 10 years to increase the replacement of Portland cement by alternative cementitious materials that are principally industrial waste or by-products. In this study, the environmental impacts of two different Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM), blast furnace slag and fly ash, are considered using Life Cycle Assessment methodology through a study of the influence of different allocation procedures on environmental impacts of SCM in concrete. Three allocation procedures are tested. In the first one, which is the current practice, no allocations are done. As for the two others, the environmental burdens of the system are respectively associated with the relative mass and some current economic values of the co-products and products. The results are discussed according to the specificity of the cement substitution products (SCM) and the driving forces that are identified for the use of these co-products. Then, a description investigation of another allocation procedure is proposed based on the fact that it is not the relative economic value that permits to evaluate the environmental burdens but the contrary. This last allocation procedure could be generalised for other waste recycling and be used as a regulation tool between the different industrial branches.

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LCA allocation procedure used as an incitative method for waste recycling: An application to mineral additions in concrete

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01006757/document

Durability of concrete exposed to leaching and external sulphate attacks

An investigation on the use of shredded waste PET bottles as aggregate in lightweight concrete

Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin

This paper summarizes the results of studies carried out at the Building Research Establishment in the UK, on the performance and long-term durability of concrete where ground glassy blast-furnace slag (granulated and pelletized) has been used as a cementitious material. Using data from tests on site structures and laboratory and exposure site studies, comparisons are made of the properties and performances of the slag cement concretes with normal Portland cement concretes of similar mixture proportions. A number of recommendations are given for the effective use of ground glassy blast-furnace slag in concrete. The many technical benefits available to the concrete user, such as reduced heat evolution, lower permeability and higher strength at later ages, decreased chloride ion penetration, increased resistance to sulfate attack and alkali silica reaction were affirmed. However, a cautionary warning of the importance of good early curing is made to ensure that the adverse effects of higher rates of carbonation, surface scaling and frost attack are minimized. The paper is intended to provide guidance for those concerned with the design, specification, application and performance of concrete in practice where slag can also help to reduce costs and energy demands in the production of cement compared with normal Portland cement.

http://p30p30-cement.persiangig.com/cement/Durability%20of%20Portland%20blast-furnace%20slag%20cement%20concrete.pdf?origin=publicationDetail

G.J. Osborne

Papers

Durability of portland blast-furnace slag cement concrete