The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

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Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey

Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power Grid:

The development of a trustworthy smart grid requires a deeper understanding of potential impacts resulting from successful cyber attacks. Estimating feasible attack impact requires an evaluation of the grid's dependency on its cyber infrastructure and its ability to tolerate potential failures. A further exploration of the cyber-physical relationships within the smart grid and a specific review of possible attack vectors is necessary to determine the adequacy of cybersecurity efforts. This paper highlights the significance of cyber infrastructure security in conjunction with power application security to prevent, mitigate, and tolerate cyber attacks. A layered approach is introduced to evaluating risk based on the security of both the physical power applications and the supporting cyber infrastructure. A classification is presented to highlight dependencies between the cyber-physical controls required to support the smart grid and the communication and computations that must be protected from cyber attack. The paper then presents current research efforts aimed at enhancing the smart grid's application and infrastructure security. Finally, current challenges are identified to facilitate future research efforts.

Cyber–Physical System Security for the Electric Power Grid

https://research.ece.ncsu.edu/netwis/papers/13wl-comnet.pdf

Survey Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges

In this position paper we investigate the security of cyber-physical systems. We (1) identify and define the problem of secure control, (2) investigate the defenses that information security and control theory can provide, and (3) propose a set of challenges that need to be addressed to improve the survivability of cyber-physical systems.

/pdf/secure-control-towards-survivable-cyber-physical-systems-wcpsudtimg.pdf

Secure Control: Towards Survivable Cyber-Physical Systems

This paper presents a novel scheme to mitigate the effect of SYN flooding attacks. The scheme, called intentional dropping based filtering, is based on the observation of client's persistence (i.e., client's reaction to packet loss by subsequent retransmissions) which is very widespread as it is built in TCP's connection setup. The main idea is to intentionally drop the first SYN packet of each connection request. Subsequent SYN packet from a request is passed only if it adheres to the TCP's timeout mechanism. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme reduces attacker's effective attack rate significantly with an acceptable increase in connection establishment latency.

Intentional dropping: a novel scheme for SYN flooding mitigation

Distributed packet pairing for reflector based DDoS attack mitigation

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks represent a major threat to the availability of Internet services. Identifying the sources of these attacks is considered an important step toward a DoS-free Internet. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, called Distributed Link-List Traceback, which combines the good features of probabilistic packet marking [6] and Hash-based traceback [9]. The main idea used in the scheme is to preserve the marking information at intermediate routers in such a way that it can be collected in an efficient manner. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for various performance metrics through combination of analytical and simulation studies. Our studies show that the proposed scheme requires small number of packets, adjustable amount of memory. At the same time, offers high attack source detection percentage.

/pdf/an-efficient-probabilistic-packet-marking-scheme-for-ip-2kjkqktcut.pdf

An Efficient Probabilistic Packet Marking Scheme for IP Traceback

Differentially secure multicasting and its implementation methods

Real time media servers are becoming increasingly important due to the rapid transition of the Internet from text and graphics based applications to multimedia driven environments. In order to meet these ever increasing demands, real time media servers are responsible for supporting a large number of clients with a heterogeneous mix of quality of service (QoS) requirements. The authors propose a dynamic class based queue management scheme that effectively captures the tradeoff between scalability and QoS granularity in a media server. We examine the adaptiveness of the scheme and its integration with the existing schedulers. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme through extensive simulation studies.

G. Manimaran

Papers

Intentional dropping: a novel scheme for SYN flooding mitigation

Distributed packet pairing for reflector based DDoS attack mitigation

An Efficient Probabilistic Packet Marking Scheme for IP Traceback

Differentially secure multicasting and its implementation methods

Dynamic class-based queue management for scalable media servers