This paper proposes a market clearing mechanism for energy trading in a local transactive market, where each player can participate in the market as seller or buyer and tries to maximize its welfare individually. Market players send their demand and supply to a local data center, where clearing price is determined to balance demand and supply. The topology of the grid and associated network constraints are considered to compute a price signal in the data center to keep the system secure by applying this signal to the corresponding players. The proposed approach needs only the demanded/supplied power by each player to reach global optimum which means that utility and cost function parameters would remain private. Also, this approach uses distributed method by applying local market clearing price as coordination information and direct load flow (DLF) for power flow calculation saving computation resources and making it suitable for online and automatic operation for a market with a large number of players. The proposed method is tested on a market with 50 players and simulation results show that the convergence is guaranteed and the proposed distributed method can reach the same result as conventional centralized approach.

Distributed Market Clearing Approach for Local Energy Trading in Transactive Market

Due to the rapid increase in the human population and the dependence of human beings on electricity, the demand for electricity has increased, causing a deficit of electricity at peak times. We can see an individual standing in front of our home by the electric board at the end of each month, his work is to write the energy meter reading and convey the bills to the proprietor of the house. As per the reading recorded, we need to pay the bills. The principle downside of this machine is that a person should move via area and need to examine the meter of every residence and supply the invoices is the main drawback. Often mistakes like the quantity of greater payments or the notification from the electric panel even if the bills are paid are commonplace mistakes, and we can also reveal and examine the use of energy with the aid of the consumer so that the electricity dealer can plan energy with the aid of accumulating records electricity. We've come up with an concept with a view to cast off the human mistakes, even the errors might be overcome. In this paper, the concept of smart energy meter using RaspberryPi was introduced. We use Raspberry Pi since it is vitality productive, devours less vitality, is quicker and has two UARTs. The energy meters that are as of now introduced in our homes are not supplanted, yet a little change is made to the meters previously introduced and along these lines the current meters are changed into savvy meters. We can see the reading without much of a stretch access the meter by working through a site page we have planned. The present perusing with expense can be seen on the website page. The instrument can be activated and deactivated automatically.

Smart Energy Monitoring Using RaspberryPi

Hardware solutions based on blockchain used in peer-to-peer electricity trading operations have been on rise during the last years. It is expected that due to their usage, it will become easier for prosumers to participate in the power grid on more equal terms when compared to the traditional players that have been settled in this market for the last decades. However, devices used to fully integrate prosumers are scarce and often offer minimal functionalities to perform the task of becoming integrated in those markets. This manuscript puts forward a Constrained Hardware Device enhanced with several software elements related to blockchain and cloud infrastructures, which make possible for any electricity generator or storage system to perform major actions like executing smart contracts, requesting energy prices to a Transmission System Operator and replicating the interchanged data in a cloud computing environment in case there are blockchain node failures. In this way, Renewable Energy Sources can be integrated by means of inexpensive, reliable devices with all the required software components preinstalled, with prosumers being able to further intervene in energy markets.

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Towards Blockchain-Based Internet of Things Systems for Energy Smart Contracts With Constrained Hardware Devices and Cloud Infrastructure

The proposal of this paper is to introduce a low-level blockchain marketplace, which is a blockchain where participants could share its power generation and demand. To achieve this implementation in a secure way for each actor in the network, we proposed to deploy it over efficient and generic low-performance devices. Thus, they are installed as IoT devices, registering measurements each fifteen minutes, and also acting as blockchain nodes for the marketplace. Nevertheless, it is necessary that blockchain is lightweight, so it is implemented as a specific consensus protocol that allows each node to have enough time and computer requirements to act both as an IoT device and a blockchain node. This marketplace will be ruled by Smart Contracts deployed inside the blockchain. With them, it is possible to make registers for power generation and demand. This low-level marketplace could be connected to other services to execute matching algorithms from the data stored in the blockchain. Finally, a real test-bed implementation of the marketplace was tested, to confirm that it is technically feasible.

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Design and Evaluation of a Heterogeneous Lightweight Blockchain-Based Marketplace

This paper presents the development of a non intrusive smart power meter capable of giving its users methods of remote management of electric power consumption information. It has as objectives the real-time monitoring of electric energy consumption using non-intrusive, with reduced size and low cost sensors, and the wireless management of the data. This meter can also be used as a module in other projects, by using the MQTT protocol. The emonLib library was used, allowing power factor measurement and compatibility with non-invasive current sensors. Communication between the power meter and the outer environment, was made through Wi-Fi technology, allowing observation of the data in real-time, either through Google Sheets, the HTTP web server hosted in ESP8266 module or on MyDevices Cayenne platform via MQTT protocol. As a case study of information provided by the meter, we use the prediction of the electricity bill. The smart power meter was tested in actual situations and using different kinds of loads, yielding to highly accurate measurements.

A Non-intrusive Approach for Smart Power Meter

India is presently witnessing substantial rise in investments especially industrial and infrastructural areas. This growth is further being augmented by the increase in power generation capacity and reliable power distribution and measurement network. In some developed countries like the United States smart meters are already deployed. Although some companies have introduced smart meters, many households have conventional meters. This provides a chance for companies as well as engineers to develop innovative metering solutions. The proposed system can be incorporated to the installed energy meters without much effort. It consists of a light sensor module which detects the pulses given out by the meter and the python program developed computes the energy consumed by the load and sends these values monthly to the Google spreadsheets via Drive API. The users can access the information on a webpage as well as an Android App. In addition to this, they also receive an SMS with the help of a GSM module interfaced to the Raspberry Pi.

G Mohith Vamsi

Papers

Automated energy meter using WiFi enabled raspberry Pi