Aquatic chemistry is becoming both a rewarding and substantial area of inquiry and is drawing many prominent scientists to its fold. Its literature has changed from a compilation of compositional tables to studies of the chemical reactions occurring within the aquatic environments. But more than this is the recognition that human society in part is determining the nature of aquatic systems. Since rivers deliver to the world ocean most of its dissolved and particulate components, the interactions of these two sets of waters determine the vitality of our coastal waters. This significant vol ume provides not only an introduction to the dynamics of aquatic chem istries but also identifies those materials that jeopardize the resources of both the marine and fluvial domains. Its very title provides its emphasis but clearly not its breadth in considering natural processes. The book will be of great value to those environmental scientists who are dedicated to keeping the resources of the hydrosphere renewable. As the size of the world population becomes larger in the near future and as the uses of materials and energy show parallel increases, the rivers and oceans must be considered as a resource to accept some of the wastes of society. The ability of these waters and the sediments below them to accommodate wastes must be assessed continually. The key questions relate to the capacities of aqueous systems to carry one or more pollutants."

Metal pollution in the aquatic environment

Arsenic: occurrence, toxicity and speciation techniques

http://www.balanseradstyrka.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/The-Harris-Benedict-equation-reevaluated-resting-energy-requirements-and-the-body-cell-mass..pdf

The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass.

Environmental samples were analyzed for arsenate and arsenite ions and the methylarsenic acids in nanogram amounts. Dimethylarsinic acid and methylarsonic acid were found in natural waters, bird eggshells, seashells, and human urine.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/182/4118/1247.full.pdf

Methylated Forms of Arsenic in the Environment

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the general aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and by hormones. There is a complex interrelationship between the diet and homeostatic mechanisms within the body. The chapter presents an integrated picture of dietary and hormonal factors that influence the course of protein metabolism in different organs. It also presents the evidence for the existence and nature of labile protein components of the body. Certain tissues protein increase or diminish rapidly in response to variations in dietary protein intake and could, thus, function as sensitive regulators in protein metabolism. Dietary factors other than protein intake can influence the protein content of tissues, and the next section, therefore, describes the influence exerted by dietary carbohydrate and fat on the course of protein metabolism and particularly on labile tissue proteins. The chapter also discusses the modifying action of hormones on protein distribution within the body, and the interaction between diet and hormones in this process.

General Aspects of the Regulation of Protein Metabolism by Diet and by Hormones

Arsenic determination at submicrogram levels by arsine evolution and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique

Hyperlipidemia in Offspring of Iron-deficient Rats

The influence of dietary fat and carbohydrate on growth and longevity in rats.

High levels (0.2 and 0.5% ) of zinc were fed to adult female rats be ginning at zero-day age of the fetus and continued to day 14 of lactation to study the development and iron, copper, and zinc status of zero- and 14-day-old postnatal rats. The results were compared with rats fed a basal diet containing 9 ppm zinc. Growth reduction, in terms of dry matter content, was characteristic of the zero- and 14-day-old young from mothers fed 0.5% zinc. Though no anatomical malformations were ob served, the incidence of stillbirths was high in the 0.5% zinc group. Young from moth ers fed 0.2% zinc were larger in body size than those from mothers fed the basal diet. Total zinc and concentration of zinc were elevated in zero- and 14-day-old young by both high zinc diets. Young from mothers fed 0.5% zinc contained higher levels of zinc than those from mothers fed 0.2% zinc. Bodies of newborn young from mothers fed 0.5% zinc contained significantly less total iron and concentration of iron, whereas the liver contained significantly more iron. At 14 days of age the whole animal and body of young from mothers fed 0.5% zinc contained significantly less total iron and concentration of iron. Liver iron in these young was lower than found in the liver of newborn, and total iron and concentration of iron in the liver were similar for all groups. Total copper and concentration of copper in the whole animal and body of the newborn rats were not altered due to treatment. Total copper and concentration of cop per in the liver were significantly lower only in the newborn from mothers fed 0.5% zinc. After 14 days, total copper and concentration of copper were significantly lower in the whole animal, liver and body of young from mothers fed either zinc diet than in young from mothers fed the basal diet. In general, a larger reduction in copper oc curred in the young from the 0.5% zinc treatment. Mothers fed 0.2% zinc gained more weight during gestation. Dietary treatments had no effect on body weights during lacta tion. Livers of maternal animals fed excess zinc contained elevated zinc, and reductions in both iron and copper. The effect of excess (0.2 and 0.4% ) zinc, but the copper content was reduced. zinc in the diet of the female rat on de- The present investigation was designed to velopment and zinc, iron, and copper con- study the effect of excess zinc in the diet tent of the fetal rat has been reported (1). of the rat during gestation and lactation Variable degrees of rA©sorption and retarda- on development and zinc, iron and copper tion of fetal development, but no external contents of the postnatal rat. anatomical malformations, were observed in 15-to 20-day-old fetuses from mothers

Relationship of Maternal Dietary Zinc during Gestation and Lactation to Development and Zinc, Iron and Copper Content of the Postnatal Rat

Samples of tissues and sucking lice were collected from fur seals on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Hair and blood samples were taken from cows, newborns, and 2-month-old pups. Mercury was found in all samples analyzed. Hair contained the highest level of mercury as compared to those of the blood, milk and lice. The levels of mercury in the hair, blood and lice of the 2-month-old pups were considerably higher than those of the newborn pups. Presence of mercury in the newborn pups indicates that mercury is able to cross the placental membrane to the fetus. Of particular interest was the correlation between the level of mercury in the blood of the seal and that in the hair and lice. These findings suggest that hair and lice samples should be further tested as a means of monitoring to give an index of the mercury level in this marine animal. 21 references, 1 table.

G. P. Barron

Papers

Arsenic determination at submicrogram levels by arsine evolution and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique

Hyperlipidemia in Offspring of Iron-deficient Rats

The influence of dietary fat and carbohydrate on growth and longevity in rats.

Relationship of Maternal Dietary Zinc during Gestation and Lactation to Development and Zinc, Iron and Copper Content of the Postnatal Rat

Mercury in tissues and lice of northern fur seals.