https://www.cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~shimoura/research/nuc_data/pdf/11.pdf

Energy levels of light nuclei A = 11-12

Analyses of two-particle correlations have provided the chief means for determining spatio-temporal characteristics of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We discuss the theoretical formalism behind these studies and the experimental methods used in carrying them out. Recent results from RHIC are put into context in a systematic review of correlation measurements performed over the past two decades. The current understanding of these results are discussed in terms of model comparisons and overall trends.

/pdf/femtoscopy-in-relativistic-heavy-ion-collisions-136hqpv1hw.pdf

Femtoscopy in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The intensity interferometry technique, commonly referred to as the Hanbury-Brown/Twiss effect, has been applied to nuclear and elementary-particle collisions as a method of investigating their space-time evolution. In this review the theoretical framework of the technique is presented, describing the formulations in common use. A survey is made of its application to subatomic collisions, ranging from high-energy elementary-particle reactions to low-energy nuclear reactions. Results derived from experimental data analysis are compiled and discussed. A critique is made of the interpretational difficulties associated with the use of the technique in reaction studies.

Intensity interferometry in subatomic physics

Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the 1 A GeV regime

Relativistic hydrodynamics and heavy ion reactions

We present evidence of an intensity interferometric effect of identical pions in relativistic nuclear collisions. From the observed correlation, we determine the space-time structure of the pion-emitting source.

Observation of Pion Interferometry in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Negative-pion production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions has been studied in a triggered streamer-chamber experiment with projectile nuclei /sup 12/C and /sup 40/Ar in the energy range 0.4-2.1 GeV/nucleon incident on targets LiH, NaF, BaI/sub 2/, and Pb/sub 3/O/sub 4/. Negative-pion yields, multiplicity distributions, and angular and momentum distributions are reported.

/pdf/negative-pion-production-in-relativistic-heavy-ion-3ru9zopze8.pdf

Negative Pion Production in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Central nuclear collisions are studied with a 1.8-GeV/N /sup 40/Ar beam incident on a Pb target. Momentum and angular distributions of negative pions infer a pion temperature of 86.6 +- 3.9 MeV, and a pion-nucleon ratio of 0.21--0.24. The pion multiplicity suggests a suppression of high multiplicity events and a non-Poisson distribution. Pion interferometry analyses are performed; the relationship between pion multiplicity and the collision impact parameter is examined.

G.P. Kiernan

Papers

Observation of Pion Interferometry in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Negative Pion Production in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Exploratory Studies on Relativistic Heavy-Ion Central Collisions