Effect of ultrasonic vibration on tribological behavior of carbon-carbon composite

The current work aims to develop a biodegradable lubricant by adding different volume percentages of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in neat castor oil (NCO) and investigating its possibility as rep...

Tribological analyses of a new optimized gearbox biodegradable lubricant blended with reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles

Lubrication reduces the friction between the interfaces of sliding surfaces in the mechanical seals that operate for extended period of time. Due to environmental issues caused by mineral oil-based lubricants, the use of organic based vegetable oils had increased worldwide due to the nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. In this work an experimental study was carried out by employing a seal pair of tungsten carbide and resin impregnated carbon mechanical seals, its frictional behaviour was studied under the eco-friendly lubricant from the class of vegetable oils — soybean oil and canola oil with an eco-friendly solid lubricant i.e. boric acid powder. An experimental setup was designed and fabricated to study the frictional characteristics of the seal for varying normal load and constant speed. The friction characteristics was studied under unlubricated conditions, independent paraffin oil, soybean oil, canola oil lubricating modes and finally 1 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 5 wt.% of boric acid powder mixed individually with soybean and canola oil. After all running-in test of all lubricating conditions, 5 wt.% of boric acid powder mixed with soybean oil had contributed a hybrid tribofilm and resulted in the lowest friction coefficient value in the range of 0.06–0.07.

Experimental study on frictional characteristics of tungsten carbide versus carbon as mechanical seals under dry and eco-friendly lubrications

Frictional characteristics of impregnated graphite with different graphitization degree versus chromium stainless steel under varying PV values

Purpose




The purpose of this study was to investigate the frictional characteristics of the mechanical seals by using an efficient pairing by providing a suitable lubricant. Among all techniques and lubrication, deposition of solid lubricants on the sliding surface of the mechanical seal was found to be the most effective method to reduce frictional coefficient, frictional force and seal face temperature, thereby increasing the life time of mechanical seal.




Design/methodology/approach




In this study, two coatings, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and tungsten carbide/carbon (WC/C), was deposited over the stationary high-carbon high-chromium steel ring paired with resin-impregnated carbon. Their frictional characteristics were studied under various classes of liquid lubricants such as organic liquids, synthetic oil, mineral oil and vegetable oils using an experimental approach. Further, among all classes of liquid lubricants, the one which showed better frictional characteristics was mixed with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% of potential environmental friendly solid lubricant – boric acid powder.




Findings




The high hardness and low surface roughness of DLC- and WC/C-coated seal with the lubricant of palm olein oil containing 1 wt% of boric acid powder contributed a hybrid tribofilm and resulted in low and stable friction coefficient in the range of 0.04-0.05 without any measurable wear.




Originality/value




A pair involving stationary DLC- and WC/C-coated seal ring and resin-impregnated carbon seal rotating ring for the application of mechanical seal was suggested and its frictional characteristics were studied under various classes of lubricants.

Frictional characteristics of PVD coated mechanical seals against carbon under various classes of liquid lubricants

This paper presents an investigative study on the frictional characteristics of alumina, 316 stainless steel, and phosphor bronze materials against resin-impregnated carbon in the form of mechanica...

Frictional study of alumina, 316 stainless steel, phosphor bronze versus carbon as mechanical seals under dry sliding conformal contact:

The fish industry is currently thriving on the market. Their farmers are in need of increasing fish production. Fish are grown in contaminated lakes, ponds, and tanks. This environment affects the fish’s health and results in unhygienic fish growth. Water quality is salient to aquaculture and its ability to lead to a favorable outcome. There are many factors that affect water quality, like sedimentation, runoff, erosion, temperature, pH, and decayed fish. Water quality is dependent on various physical-chemical and biological factors that affect it and, as a result, its aptness for fish and other aquatic animals are produced and distributed. The many factors, such as fish density, feed quality, and feeding intervals, have an impact on aquaculture. Automated water quality monitoring tests are used in the aquaculture sector to evaluate the ponds water quality. The test, which is expensive, can only be performed by trained personnel. This study is based on cutting-edge technology. Innovations in fish farming are being made possible by the Internet of Things (IoT) by using Thingspeak platform, Artificial intelligence (AI), and Blockchain technology. This method presents a smart aquaculture system that uses AI and IoT will enhance fish farming. IoT is a highly used technology in aquaculture because it helps with monitoring and traceable water quality. Sensors were integrated to measure real-time data to analyse the pH level, dissolve oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and total solid dissolution. Save time and reduce fish mortality by using this system. This intention aided in the classification of two types of fish illnesses. There are two: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) and Ichthyophthirus (Ich). This system uses a motion sensor to inspect the movement of fish and stores the data in an Arduino cloud application. An Android phone is used as a terminal device to alert them when it reaches unhygienic environmental conditions, and they can also monitor their pond whenever needed. The aquaponics system of the future will become more intelligent, intensive, precise, and efficient as a result of this technological advancement.

G. Praveenkumar

Papers

Experimental study on frictional characteristics of tungsten carbide versus carbon as mechanical seals under dry and eco-friendly lubrications

Frictional study of alumina, 316 stainless steel, phosphor bronze versus carbon as mechanical seals under dry sliding conformal contact:

AI & IoT based Control and Traceable Aquaculture with Secured Data using Blockchain Technology