G. Zacharia

TL;DR: The thoracoscopic approach is currently considered the gold standard for the evaluation and treatment of suspected or known pleural effusion and in the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules and its role continues to evolve with regard to the management of lung cancer.

TL;DR: VATS presents the following advantages: minimal surgical trauma with better cosmetic results, faster convalescence, less post-operative pain, shorter hospitalization, conservation of respiratory function, especially in patients with decreased respiratory reserves, faster mobilization, speedier return to work and social activities.

TL;DR: The new staging of lung cancer is based on analysis of survival in large databases, based on tumor size and disease proliferation, and is therefore expected to assess the prognosis of the individual patient more accurately.

TL;DR: The preoperative haemoglobin levels and the need for transfusion are strongly associated with the occurrence of complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, albeit these complications were not life-threatening.

TL;DR: Evidence-based guidelines are intended to make the process of providing up-to-date care easier and represent a systematic, extensive, comprehensive review of the literature, a structured interpretation of the data, and practical patient management recommendations.