The invention relates to a laminate composed of two, three, four or more metal sheets. The metal sheets (2), which may for instance be of an aluminium alloy, are bonded together by means of adhesive layers (3). In the adhesive layers there are embedded poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide or carbon threads (4) having a high modulus of elasticity. In the unloaded state of the laminate in its entirety there is a compressive stress in the range of 0 to 200 or 300 N/mm2 in each metal sheet and a tensile stress in each layer with threads. The material according to the invention is in the first place meant for use in the field of aircraft or spacecraft engineering. However, it also may with advantage find application in various other fields of engineering where high demands are made on static, dynamic fatigue properties and damage tolerance.

Laminate of metal sheet material and threads bonded thereto, as well as processes for the manufacture thereof

Lightweight metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates exhibiting an improved combination of good formability and bending strength comprise a core layer of a thermoplastic material selected from certain partly crystalline polyamides and polyesters, and a metal layer of certain aluminum alloys laminated on each side of the core layer, said thermoplastic and metal layers having certain requirements with respect to thickness and tensile elongation, and, additionally for the metal, tensile offset yield strength.

Metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates

The invention relates to a laminate composed of two, three, four or more aluminum-containing metal sheets The metal sheets, which may for instance be of an aluminum alloy, are bonded together by means of adhesive layers In the adhesive layers, which are of a thermohardening material, there are embedded poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide threads These threads are provided in the form of yarns made up of endless filaments and lie in a practically straight line in the adhesive which substantially consists of a thermohardening material The adhesive layers contain the threads in an amount of 20 to 80% by weight

Laminate of aluminum sheet material and aramid fibers

The invention relates to a process for improvement of the processing characteristics of polymer compositions. By adding to the melt of polymers having a hetero atom in the chain a quantitity of 0.05-5 wt.% of a compound having at least three functional groups, the melt viscosity is lowered strongly without affecting the mechanical properties. The invention is particularly effective for high-molecular and/or highly filled compositions.

Process for improvement of the processing characteristics of a polymer composition and polymer compositions obtained therefrom

Fatigue resistant laminate which may be used at temperatures >120° c., and more particularly in the construction of (air or space) vehicles. It comprises at least two metal plates interconnected by an intermediate layer of thermoplastic material reinforced by continuous filaments having a modulus of elasticity of at least 50 GPa, the laminate displaying, while externally unloaded, a compressive stress (of 0-200 MPa) in every metal plate and a tensile stress (of 0-500 MPa) in the continuous filaments. The filaments may consist of aramid, glass or carbon. The thermoplastic material may be an amorphous resin having a Tg>140° C. such as, e.g., polyarylates, poly(ether)sulphones, polyetherimides, or poly-p-phenylene ethers, or a semi- or para-crystalline resin having a crystalline melting point>170° C., such as poly-phenylene sulphides, polyetherketones or liquid crystal polymers.

Laminate of metal sheets and continuous filaments-reinforced thermoplastic synthetic material, as well as a process for the manufacture of such a laminate

This invention relates to construction panels comprising metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates and a process for preparing same, said laminates possessing in combination critical service properties of high heat distortion temperature, low coefficient of linear thermal expansion, low inelastic ratio, and lightness in weight.

Metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates and a process for the preparation of such laminates

A process for polymerizing e-caprolactam to form a nylon-6 polymer in which a reactant stream containing e-caprolactam and a lactam polymerization initiator is brought into polymerizing admixture with a reactant stream containing e-caprolactam and a lactam magnesium halide, wherein sufficient 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl compound is added to the admixture either as 2-pyrrolidinone, 2-oxo-pyrrolidinyl magnesium halide or 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl capped initiator compound to enhance the rate of polymerization of the e-caprolactam.

Promotion of ε-caprolactam polymerization with lactam magnesium halide catalyst and 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl groups

A catalyzed process for the preparation of monomeric and/or polymeric compounds such as esters, polyesters, ester-amides, and polyester-polyamides which result from the reaction of an imide and an alcohol in the presence of a Group IA, IIA, IIB and/or IIIA metal or metal compound, imide-alcohol condensation catalyst.

Catalytic process for imide-alcohol condensation

A nylon block copolymer prepared from acyl lactam functionalized materials and lactam monomer and cross-linked by a polyfunctional amine.

Cross-linked nylon block copolymers and process of their preparation

1,237,844. Polyamide compositions. MONSANTO CO. 14 Jan., 1970, No. 1896/70. Heading C3R. A reinforced polymer composition C comprises (a) a polymer matrix M and (b) 2-55% vol. of C of a substantially anhydrous particulate inorganic filler F treated with an organosilane coupling agent S. M has intrinsic viscosity #1A3 and contains #50% wt. of polyamide P, F has Moh's hardness #4 and particle size such that 100% of the particles #40 Am and #95% wt. are #15 Am. Silane S is where a #1; b is 0, 1, or 2; c # 1; n is 0 or 1; a+b + c = 4. X is a hydrolysable group capable of reacting with an OH gp.; Y is H or monovalent hydrocarbon gp.; Z is primary or secondary amino or amido, or epoxy; R is a C 1-20 divalent hydrocarbon gp. R may be, e.g., ethylene, propylene, isobutenylene, decylene, undecylene, octadecylene, phenyl, or toluyl. X may be halogen, OH, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, e.g. #-methoxyethoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarboxylate, or acyl carboxylate, with #8 C-atoms. Y may be H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , vinyl, isobutyl, phenyl, or other hydrocarbyl with #10 C-atoms. S may be a γ-aminopropyl trialkoxysilane where the alkoxy groups each have #8 C-atoms, e.g. methoxy or ethoxy. Examples of S are (EtO) 3 SiC 3 H 6 NH 2 , (MaO) 3 SiC 3 H 6 NH 2 , (MeO) 2 C 6 H 5 SiC 3 H 6 NH 2 , γ-glycidoxypropyltripropoxysilane, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane, NH 2 COC 2 H 4 Si(OEt) 3 , (MeO) 3 SiC 3 H 6 NHC 2 H 4 NH 2 , (MeO) 3 SiC 11 H 22 NH 2 . There may be 0A1-5% wt. of S based on F. P may be formed by polymerization in the presence of S-treated F; e.g. by adding S-F adduct to a solution of diamine salt of a dicarboxylic acid and polymerizing, or by including S-F adduct in a lactam polymerization system. S and F may be mixed in the presence of the monomer(s) yielding P; or F and S may be mixed with P; F and S may be first mixed, the treated F then being mixed with P, e.g. by melt-blending; or slurry of F and S in a solution of P may be formed, P then being precipitated on the particles, e.g. by cooling the solution to crystallize P. The solvent may be ethylene glycol. F may be treated by mixing with S in the presence or absence of a solvent V for S and drying the mixture to remove volatile reaction products and any V. V may be H 2 O, alcohol, dioxane, or benzene. The S-F adduct may be heated to 50-200% or more to increase the extent of bonding. Polyamide P has intrinsic viscosity of #1-3 to 10 or more, and viscosity average M.W. of 29,000 to 10 7 or more. P may be linear, or a cross-linked polyamide insoluble in m-cresol; the cross-linking agent may be polyethyleneimine, tetra-(3-aminopropoxymethyl)methane, S, di- or tri-isocyanates, polyisopropyl acrylamide or polymethyl methacrylate. P may be nylon 6 or 66; or a homo- or copolymer derived from: C 3-12 lactams, e.g. #- and other caprolactams, α-pyrrolidone, piperidone, valerolactam, methyl cyclohexanone isoximes, capryllactam, cyclodecanone isoxime, or laurolactam, or or polycarboxylic acids and polyamines, e.g. HOOC-(CH 2 ) k -COOH, where k is 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 10, or terephthalic acid; where m is 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 12, or bis-(tamino)cyclohexylmethane; or polyblends thereof. Or P may be a copolymer of a polyamide with polypropylene, ethylene, ethyleneimine, styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile rubbers, or phenylene oxide; or M may be a blend of polyamide and the above polymers. P may be formed by anhydrous base-catalysed anionic polymerization of a lactam, e.g. with a monofunctional initiator. As catalyst may be NaH, EtMgBr, Na caprolactam, Mg caprolactam, or Ca lauryl. lactam; or Ca caprolactam chloride, Mg caprolactam bromide, or Ba valerolactam iodide. The polylactam composition may be leached with water or dil HCOOH or HC1. The initiator may be CO, phenyl isocyanate, 2,4- or 2,6- tolylene diisocyanate, di-(p-isocyanatophenyl) methane, or polyfunctional isocyanate; or acetyl caprolactam, diisopropyl carbodiimide, dycyclohexyl carbodiimide, N,N-diphenyl cyanamide, N - (2 - pyridyl) - # - caprolactam; N- (4 - pyridyl) : # - caprolactam; tris - N - 2,4,6- triazino - # - caprolactam; N - (2 - pyrazinyl). #-caprolactam or the initiator can be formed by the reaction in situ of a lactam with 2-chloropyridine, 4 - bromopyridine, 2 - bromopyrazine, 2-methoxypyridine, 2-methoxypyrazine, 2,4,6- trichloro-s-triazine, 2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine, or 2,4 - dimethoxy - 6 - chloro - s - triazine. The mixture should be held 44 Am; (C) talc, Moh hardness 1-1A5; (D) feldspar, 50% >44 Am; (E) wollastonite, 95% >37 Am; (F) kaolin, Moh hardness 2A5; (G) calcined slate, Moh hardness 3; (H) hydrated alumina (diaspore); (I) α-Al 2 O 3 , 50% >37 Am; (J) quartz, 51A7% #15 Am. In further comparative experiments, silanes outside the scope of the invention were used: (M) and (Q) vinyl methoxysilane, (N) and (R) methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, (O) and (S) phenyl triethoxy silane, (P) and (T) #-cyano ethyl triethoxy silane. In contrasting example (U), (V) or matrix has intrinsic viscosity 44 Am; (L) 95% quartz >44 Am; (W) uncalcined kaolin clay, Moh hardness 2A5; (X) hydrated alumina; (Y) quartz 70% >744 Am. Specification 1,069,752 is referred to.

Gabbert James Delvin

Papers

Metal-thermoplastic-metal laminates and a process for the preparation of such laminates

Promotion of ε-caprolactam polymerization with lactam magnesium halide catalyst and 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl groups

Catalytic process for imide-alcohol condensation

Cross-linked nylon block copolymers and process of their preparation

Reinforced polymer compositions