Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology has the potential to positively contribute to the educational learning environment, which faces many challenges and shortcomings. Cognitive and affective BCIs can offer a deep understanding of brain mechanisms, which may improve learning strategies and increase brain-based skills. They can offer a better empirical foundation for teaching–learning methodologies, including adjusting learning content based on brain workload, measuring student interest of a topic, or even helping students focus on specific tasks. The latest findings from emerging BCI technology, neuroscience, cognitive sciences, and psychology could be used in learning and teaching strategies to improve student abilities in education. This study investigates and analyzes the research on BCI patterns and its implementation for enhancing cognitive capabilities of students. The results showed that there is insufficient literature on BCI that addresses students with disabilities in the learning process. Further, our analysis revealed a bias toward the significance of cognitive process factors compared with other influential factors, such as the learning environment and emotions that influence learning. Finally, we concluded that BCI technology could improve students’ learning and cognitive skills—when consistently associated with the different pedagogical teaching–learning strategies—for better academic achievement.

Cognitive and Affective Brain–Computer Interfaces for Improving Learning Strategies and Enhancing Student Capabilities: A Systematic Literature Review

Bioelectric signals can improve assessment in videogames by helping to better understand user experience, evaluate attention, or study the cognitive and physical effects of games. Use of signals is therefore relevant to better evaluate and understand the impact and effects of videogames on players, and specially so in the field of serious games, such as educational or training games, to gain insights into the learning processes; or in games for health to better evaluate non-conscious effects on the player’s body. We examine how biological signals (bioelectric + eye-tracking) are being used and collected in the field of video games, including the choice of signals, the devices used to collect them (e.g., wearables), the purposes for which they are collected, and the results reported from their use. As a result of this systematic literature review, 81 articles have been analyzed, finding that electrocardiograms and encephalograms are the most frequently used signals. The main use of these bioelectrical signals is to evaluate player engagement, level of difficulty, and stress during the gameplay. But there are also examples where signals are used to detect health problems, or as evidence to compare educational games with other learning activities. This review informs researchers interested in better understanding the benefits and limitations of biological signals for video games, providing an overview of studies conducted in recent years and the associated devices described in those studies. Limitations in this field include signal noise issues as well as the amount of time required to calibrate the devices during experiments, adding to the complexity of user testing. It is necessary to work on tools that facilitate experiments with large groups of users in parallel as well as to work on open software and low-cost devices that allow the emergence of a greater number of studies in this field, given for example their potential in the field of educational games to better understand the learning processes of users.

Scoping Review of Bioelectrical Signals Uses in Videogames for Evaluation Purposes

In the new times we are living, the use of technology is causing many of the customs are changing, one of them is the development of children, in previous years children used to play with their friends in the parks, technology It has caused many of them to perform recreation activities based on the use of video games, these games have caused children to develop certain skills and also change their behavior when they perform certain activities, in this work a comparison between the levels of concentration and meditation levels when children carry out activities related to the realization of academic activities related to the accomplishment of the school tasks that they must perform, with the levels of concentration and meditation when the child is doing activities related to video games, methodology that was used to evaluate the levels The concentration and meditation is based on the use of the Neurosky MindWave EEG device, which gives us the level of concentration and meditation that the person is on a scale of 0% to 100%, the results obtained show that In the case of videogames, children develop high levels of concentration in almost the entire development of the game from the beginning to the end of the game, compared to the levels that they develop when they do their homework, where children hardly concentrate having average records on average in the level of concentration and meditation.

Analysis of the comparison of the levels of concentration and meditation in the realization of academic activities and activities related to videogames, based on brain computer interface

Muscle temperature analysis, using thermal imaging, applied to the treatment of muscle recovery

Thermal images are being used more frequently in the monitoring and evaluation of thermal behavior in many areas. This study focuses on presenting a method to evaluate the thermal behavior in natural crops that are located more than 3000 meters above sea level. These natural plants are a natural representation of the vegetation that covers the Andes of South America. As they are not cultivated, nor are they under the care of people, and they grow naturally, this feature is an interesting way to evaluate their thermal behavior and the different changes that these can produce. The method consists of being able to make a record of the plants with a thermal camera, with the intention of being able to analyze the temperature that it presents in a certain time and in a specific part of the plant, which is considered as the first results of the method and can be used to evaluate a proof of concept. The results indicate the future uses that can be given to the thermal records of the plants, which can be used in conjunction with space platforms as well as unmanned units.

Method for Land Cover Assessment in High Andean Regions using Thermal Imagery

Application of neural networks in the teacher selection process

Currently, digital technologies are widely used to record any event by using different types of cameras, for different uses. There are cameras that use an optical sensor, which generates images in the RGB model. There are some cameras that use thermal sensors, which perform the registration of the temperature of the object being recorded and presents them under a color model using a color map. This research study uses a novel method to fuse optical and thermal images with the intention of being able to recognize certain parts of the human body. This study evaluates the presence of veins that have a higher temperature when performing rehabilitation exercises. The results allow to evaluate different combinations of color bands. In order to demonstrate the method, the use and application will depend on the analysis of the image and the interpretation by health personnel. At the time of merging the images, the optical image provides the structural part of the image, and the thermal image provides the functionality characterized by the body temperature. As a conclusion, this research study indicates that the proposed method can be applied to other applications in order to look for applications where the method can help in the diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment.

Gabriel Aiquipa

Papers

Analysis of the comparison of the levels of concentration and meditation in the realization of academic activities and activities related to videogames, based on brain computer interface

Muscle temperature analysis, using thermal imaging, applied to the treatment of muscle recovery

Method for Land Cover Assessment in High Andean Regions using Thermal Imagery

Application of neural networks in the teacher selection process

Method for Fusing Optical and Thermal Images Applied to Muscle Analysis