We propose a novel LSB-BMSE method that enhances LSB audio steganography. It uses an innovative mechanism, Binaries of Message Size Encoding (BMSE), to embed a secret message after hiding its size in random samples. First, the secret message is compressed using Huffman coding, then encrypted by AES-128. The audio cover is split into number of blocks depending on secret message size. A secure key $_{BMSE}$ , output from the BMSE mechanism, is used to embed the secret message in random blocks and bytes adaptively according to its size. It is implemented using MATLAB and standard parameters: Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality and NIST Statistical Test Suite were used to measure imperceptibility between cover & stego audios and randomness of BMSE mechanism respectively. The fidelity was tested using Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Comprehensive experiments on widely used metrics demonstrate that LSB-BMSE significantly surpasses existing methods in terms of hiding capacity and imperceptibility. Moreover, LSB-BMSE shows resistance to brute force attacks and statistical analysis. Although it was robust towards re-sampling attacks, nevertheless was not vigorous towards noise nor LSB attacks. The key $_{BMSE}$ complies with Kerckhoff’s principle and exhibits avalanche criteria. The tested proposed LSB-BMSE proclaimed its effectiveness.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09722923.pdf

Enhancing LSB Using Binary Message Size Encoding for High Capacity, Transparent and Secure Audio Steganography–An Innovative Approach

We propose a novel LSB-BMSE method that enhances LSB audio steganography. It uses an innovative mechanism, Binaries of Message Size Encoding (BMSE), to embed a secret message after hiding its size in random samples. First, the secret message is compressed using Huffman coding, then encrypted by AES-128. The audio cover is split into number of blocks depending on secret message size. A secure key <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{BMSE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , output from the BMSE mechanism, is used to embed the secret message in random blocks and bytes adaptively according to its size. It is implemented using MATLAB and standard parameters: Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality and NIST Statistical Test Suite were used to measure imperceptibility between cover & stego audios and randomness of BMSE mechanism respectively. The fidelity was tested using Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Comprehensive experiments on widely used metrics demonstrate that LSB-BMSE significantly surpasses existing methods in terms of hiding capacity and imperceptibility. Moreover, LSB-BMSE shows resistance to brute force attacks and statistical analysis. Although it was robust towards re-sampling attacks, nevertheless was not vigorous towards noise nor LSB attacks. The key <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{BMSE}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> complies with Kerckhoff’s principle and exhibits avalanche criteria. The tested proposed LSB-BMSE proclaimed its effectiveness. 

/pdf/enhancing-lsb-using-binary-message-size-encoding-for-high-15gefsb7.pdf

Computers find application in virtually all aspect of human existence, especially in today’s modern world. Although this comes with a lot of benefits, it also comes with a number of undesirable consequences. Chief among these consequences is the rising concerns for security of information and even loss of privacy. Steganography, an Information hiding technique could be a fitting solution to these security issues. This paper presents an improved Steganography technique for ensuring the security of the widely spread and used internet materials or information that are shared globally with risk of vulnerability of attack. In this current research work, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Steganography were combined together to achieve effective security in the proposed system. A given plain text or secret message is first converted to a cipher text using ECC. The resultant encrypted text is then hidden under a cover-image using DCT-based image steganography technique to produce a final output called stego-image. To the Human Visual System (HVS), the stego-image remains the same as the original cover image. This ensures that the hidden secret message gets delivered to the target recipient without any suspicion. Standard metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE), as well as average computation time, were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed steganography system. The results indicate better performance compared to the conventional steganography systems. Thus the proposed system is a 2-level steganography system effective for storing sensitive data and even for securely transferring information over an open/enterprise network.

A Two-Layer Image-Steganography System for Covert Communication Over Enterprise Network

In today’s electronic society, security of information is an issue of major concern especially in the communication domain. Indeed, there is a very serious need for schemes that guarantee security of information exchanged between entities, over public networks. Several techniques such as cryptography and/or steganography have been proposed in existing literature. Audio steganography has certain advantages over conventional steganography. Existing audio steganography systems suffer from limitations that includes, their inability to embed information in multiple audio file formats, high distortion rate and low level of robustness of their resultant stego-files. To overcome these limitations, this current research focused on the development of an efficient and robust audio steganography system for the security of information whether in store or on transit across the Internet. This is achieved by first encrypting a given secret information, compressing the resultant cipher-text, then embedding the compressed file in a suitable cover (audio file) using frequency hopping spread spectrum technique, to yield as output, an audio stego file which is not distinguishable from the original audio cover file. To allow for the embedding of the secret compressed file, the selected audio cover file is first broken into frames using one dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Results of performance evaluation of this developed system shows that it has very low level of distortion as revealed by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The compression ratio obtained is also equal to one (1), which shows that the cover audio file is identical to the resultant stego-file.

Development of an Audio Steganography System Using Discrete Cosine Transform and Spread Spectrum Techniques

Modified LSB Algorithm Using XOR for Audio Steganography

Hiding text in a digital audio file format has been a major challenge because of the Human Auditory System (HAS) and how the digital audio will be converted into analog form for text to be embedded into it. Several techniques that include but are not limited to Least Significant Bit, Echo Hiding, Phase Coding, Parity Coding and so on have been proposed in both research communities and the academia. Audio steganography hides data in selected audio files. Several audio steganography works exist, but their major limitations include their inability to embed information in multiple audio file formats, high distortion rate and low level of robustness of their resultant stego files. This research attempts to proffer solution to the obvious challenges of the previous works by developing an efficient and robust audio steganography system for the security of information whether in store or on transit across the Internet. Results of performance evaluation of the developed system shows that it has very low level of distortion as revealed by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The compression ratio obtained is also equal to one (1), which shows that the cover audio file is identical to the resultant stego file.

/pdf/embedding-text-in-audio-steganography-system-using-advanced-4zr4xbe4qz.pdf

Embedding Text in Audio Steganography System using Advanced Encryption Standard, Text Compression and Spread Spectrum Techniques in Mp3 and Mp4 File Formats

E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output. 

/pdf/design-of-an-e-administration-platform-and-its-cryptography-2iv09fxe.pdf

Gabriel Arome

Papers

Embedding Text in Audio Steganography System using Advanced Encryption Standard, Text Compression and Spread Spectrum Techniques in Mp3 and Mp4 File Formats

Design of an E-Administration Platform and Its Cryptography-Based Security Model