Showing papers by "Gabriel Rubio published in 1998"

Clinical significance of Cloninger's classification in a sample of alcoholic Spanish men.

Abstract: Buts: evaluer la classification de Cloninger dans un echantillon compose d'hommes espagnols alcooliques. Projet: une etude croisee par sections a ete menee sur des sujets diagnostiques comme alcooliques. Cadre: des services de soins ambulatoires specialises dans le traitement des alcooliques et le service de psychiatrie d'un hopital general. Participants: 198 hommes diagnostiques en tant qu'alcooliques. L'âge moyen etait de 44,4 ± 11,6 ans et 98% vivaient dans des zones urbaines. Mesures: les participants ont ete interroges a l'aide de l'Entretien Clinique Structure pour le DSM-III-R (SCID). Ils ont ete classes en utilisant les criteres de type 1 et a de la classification de Cloninger. Resultats: seulement un tiers de l'echantillon a pu etre classe par les criteres de type 1 et de type 2 de Cloninger. Les patients classes comme appartenant au type 2 avaient un debut plus precoce d'alcoolisation reguliere compare aux patients de type 1. Les sujets de type 2 presentaient un pourcentage plus eleve de problemes lies a l'alcool aussi bien que des problemes lies a des drogues autres que l'alcool et ils avaient aussi un pourcentage plus eleve de troubles de la personnalite de type asocial. Aucune difference dans l'histoire familiale concernant l'alcoolisme n'a ete observee entre les groupes. Les criteres montrant la plus mauvaise capacite discriminative entre les deux groupes etaient l'echec a rester abstinent et faire la fete pendant au moins deux jours. Conclusions: les resultats ne corroborent pas les hypotheses etiologiques de Cloninger pour l'alcoolisme. Des differences culturelles peuvent etre responsables des differents schemas d'alcoolisation observes.

[Psychiatric disorders and consumption of ecstasy drug (MDMA): review of published case reports].

Abstract: BACKGROUND Ecstasy use have raised in recent years and it have been related to psychopathological symptoms. The comsumption pattern associated with psychiatric complications is unknown. METHOD Thirty-six case reports about psychiatric complications due to ecstasy and published from 1985 to 1997 were studied. RESULTS The disorders with higher prevalence were psychosis (n = 21), panic attacks (n = 12) and depressive symptoms (n = 3). Seventy two per cent were substance abusers. Urinary drugs screening were present in 28%, only in two subjects might detect amphetamine. Men had higher MDMA doses compsumption and higher prevalence of background psychiatric disorders than women. Subjects with psychotic symptomatology had more psychiatric background, higher doses of MDMA comsumption and for a long time than individuals with depressive or panic attacks symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The review of the case reports of psychiatric complications related to ecstasy use do not allow to conclude that ecstasy use was the main responsible factor for psychiatric symptoms. They could be related to an individual vulnerability and or to lasting of comsumption.

The prevalence of depressive symptons and cognitive impaiment in patients older than 65 years admitted to a general hospital

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and factors associated with depressive symptoms. A total of 288 patients older than 65 years admitted to the general hospital during one of three periods throughout the year were interviewed. The Minimental State examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were the evaluation techniques used. Prevalences for cognitive impairment (MMSE 14) were 26% and 20% respectively. Women scored higher than men in the GDS and lower in the Minimental. There was more cognitive impairment but no increase in depressive symptoms in older patients in both groups. GDS scores correlated with the female sex and patients having a psychiatric background. Our results were in contrast with those reported in other studies.

Pharmacoeconomic considerations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) within the European Union

Abstract: SummaryDepression is a frequently utilised model in health economy analysis, particularly since the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In the present study, a cost-treatment analysis of this antidepressant family is carried out, in a representative sample of EU countries. For each SSRI and country, a series of pharmacoeconomic indicators was calculated including Monthly Treatment Cost (MTC), Relative Cost (RC), and Health Care Pharmaceutical Index (HCPI). The results of this study show a great disparity and lack of homogeneity among the pharmacoeconomic indicators in the different countries. MTC is higher in Central Europe countries, while France and the United Kingdom have the lowest MTC and RC. RC, a relative indicator of antidepressant cost for the patient, is higher not only in Germany and Denmark but also in Mediterranean countries. Concerning the Government cost, HCPI shows higher values for countries with lower total health expenses per capita, such as Spain, Italy and...