This 1966 paperback edition of a publication which first appeared in 1963 has by now been widely reviewed as a worthy contribution to the sociological study of deviant behavior. Its current appearance as a paperback is a testimonial both to the quality of the work and to the prominence of deviant behavior in this generation. In general the author places deviance in perspective, identifies types of deviant behavior, considers the role of rule makers and enforcers, and some of the problems in studying deviance. In addition, he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career, a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. In his study of a particular kind of deviance, the use of marihuana, the author posits and tests systematically an hypothesis about the genesis of marihuana use for pleasure. The hypothesis traces the sequence of changes in individual attitude

Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

Little investigation has been undertaken in relation to the impact of an ex-offender’s reception into the community, especially in relation to employment, on their propensity to re-offend. This paper brings into focus the role of society, especially employers in potentially hindering the reintegration of ex-offenders. This role is considered in relation to the use of criminal records as risk assessment tools. A governmental framework is employed to examine the use of criminal records by employers in Victoria Australia, in line with current risk management approaches. Research findings support the contention that the increased use of National Police Certificates for employment purposes in Victoria places ex-offenders at a significant disadvantage.

The National Police Certificate is a Significant Barrier to Employment for Ex-Offenders

Homelessness issue among former prisoners in Malaysia upon their release is of great concern. Hence, this study aimed to identify the predominant factors influencing homelessness issue among former prisoners in Malaysia. Imprisonment is usually assumed to be a negative life event and can act as a hindrance for the former prisoner to successfully integrate after being freed from prison. Imprisonment and past criminal records are the biggest contributors to becoming homeless. This is a fact because imprisonment causes the former prisoners to lose his source of income, personal belongings, ability to seek shelter and personal relationships due to family rejection, addiction and unemployment. This study was based on the Ecological Model of Homeless by Nooe and Patterson. The selection of this model was considered appropriate and aligned with the objectives of the study which aimed to identify the factors that lead to the life of the homeless among former prisoners. In this study, nineteen former prisoners, regardless of the type of offence committed, were selected using the snowball sampling method and were interviewed. The findings revealed that family denial, unemployment, and drug addiction were the three major interrelated factors that contribute to the homelessness issue among the former prisoners during their reintegration process. Housing security is a risk factor of homelessness.

/pdf/three-major-interrelated-factors-contributing-to-20zttcm1.pdf

Three Major Interrelated Factors Contributing to Homelessness Issue among Former Prisoners in Malaysia

Penghijrahan bekas banduan dari tempat asal ke kawasan baru berlaku atas pelbagai sebab penolakan yang wujud dari tempat asal. Kesan penghijrahan ini membawa kepada penumpuan bekas banduan yang ramai di suatu tempat yang sama. Kajian yang dilakukan ini telah mendapati berlakunya penumpuan bekas banduan di sekitar Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Situasi yang berlaku ini amat membimbangkan apabila pengaruh jenayah boleh berlaku secara berterusan. Penumpuan rakan senasib akan mengalakkan aktiviti jenayah dan pengulangan jenayah lama seperti mencuri, merompak, meragut, mengambil dadah dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, sistem keadilan jenayah di Malaysia akan sering menemui kegagalan dalam memulihkan bekas banduan. Bekas banduan akan tetap kembali kepada sikap dan tingkah laku yang sama akibat jenis pergaulan yang dipilih. Temu bual mendalam telah dilakukan ke atas 16 orang bekas banduan yang mempunyai masalah ketagihan dadah tanpa mengira jenis kesalahan lepas. Analisis kajian telah memperlihatkan kecenderungan bekas banduan untuk berhijrah dari tempat asal dan rumah keluarga akibat daripada penolakan keluarga dan juga stigma yang wujud di tempat asal mereka. Dapatan kajian ini berupaya membekalkan maklumat dalam membuktikan punca penghijrahan bekas banduan di suatu tempat yang sama iaitu dalam kajian ini ialah di sekitar Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Penemuan ini dapat menyumbangkan hasil dapatan yang baru kepada sistem keadilan jenayah di Malaysia tentang penghijrahan dan penumpuan bekas banduan di suatu kawasan yang sama serta kesan-kesan yang boleh berlaku daripada penumpuan bekas banduan ini. Kata kunci : bekas banduan, faktor penarik, faktor penolak, jenayah, penghijrahan, penumpuan The migration of former prisoners from their place of origin to a new area is due to various reasons of rejection in the origin place. The effect of this migration lead to a convergence of many former prisoners to the same place. In this study, the occurrence of convergence of former prisoners can be seen around Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. This situation is very alarming due to exposure to the influence of crime on a continuous basis. The convergence of ex-convict friends will encourage criminal activity and repetition of old crimes such as stealing, robbing, snatching, taking drugs and other illegal activities. Therefore, the criminal justice system in Malaysia will often fail to rehabilitate the former prisoners. The former prisoners will still return to their old habits and behaviours due to the type of association he chooses. In-depth interviews were conducted on 16 former prisoners who had drug addiction problems regardless of the type of past offence. Preliminary analysis of the study indicates a tendency to migrate from family home as a result of family rejection and stigma that exists in their places of origin. The findings of this study were to provide information in proving the cause of the migration of former prisoners into the same place, as as shown in this study was around Chow Kit Street, Kuala Lumpur. This research has contributed to new understanding regarding the criminal justice system in Malaysia on migration and convergence of ex-convicts in the same area as well as the effects that may have arisen from the convergence of former prisoners. Keywords : former prisoner, pull factor, push factor, crime, migration, convergence https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1401-07

http://ejournal.ukm.edu.my/gmjss/article/download/18336/7418

Faktor penghijrahan dan penumpuan bekas banduan di Jalan Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur (Factor of migration and convergence of former prisoners in Chow Kit Road, Kuala Lumpur)

Based on Becker’s conceptualization of deviance, the phenomena of labeling and stigmatization of people who commit antisocial acts will result in their social marginalization and exclusion, which may result in relapse into criminal behavior. By the means of qualitative research, this paper looks at different forms of social exclusion, as possible catalysts of male recidivism in Romania. Turning away from the perspective that the offender alone is responsible for the acts he committed and for his own rehabilitation, the authors demonstrate that social exclusion was experienced by recidivists in different ways, favouring the perpetration of antisocial acts. The identified spheres of social exclusion that mainly need to be targeted by social policies and social assistance are: employment, housing, family relationships and social networks.

Gabriel Tica

Papers

Are Former Male Inmates Excluded from Social Life