计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

The potential and scale of cities enable economic growth and the improvement of citizens’ access to jobs, education, healthcare, culture, public utilities and services. Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the key services provided by cities. Its operations are complex, very visible to the general public, and impacted by strong financial, societal, and political constraints. Performances in developing countries, however, are not positive. United Nations research shows urban collection services covering no more than 39% of the population in low-income countries. Why are many cities in developing countries not able to use their increasing wealth and scale for basic SWM services such as city cleaning, collection, and sustainable landfilling? This paper provides a review of literature on this question over the last decade. It shows that research is mostly on symptoms and has not led to a deeper diagnosis of causes. Lack of resources, infrastructure, awareness, and institutional strength are often pinpointed as causes but, in fact, they should be addressed as symptoms. These symptoms should be designated as dependent variables in a complex causal network with systemic feedbacks, hindering or neutralizing attempts to improve performances if not properly dealt with. Research should concentrate more on assessing the relations between urbanization, urban processes, and urban governance that shape the performance of urban solid waste management. System dynamics modeling may provide new approaches for this diagnosis.

Failing Services on Urban Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions : A Review on Symptoms, Diagnoses, and Interventions

Financial development may lead to productivity improvement in developing countries. In this paper, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, we use the Malmquist index to measure China's total factor productivity change and its two components (i.e., efficiency change and technical progress). We find that China has recorded an increase in total factor productivity from 1993 to 2001, and that productivity growth was mostly attributed to technical progress, rather than to improvement in efficiency. Moreover, using panel data set covering 29 Chinese provinces over the period of 1993-2001 and applying the Generalized-Method-of-Moment system estimation, we investigate the impact of financial development on productivity growth in China. Empirical results show that, during this period, financial development has significantly contributed to China's productivity growth, mainly through its favourable effect on efficiency.

Financial Development, Economic Efficiency and Productivity Growth: Evidence from China

This study explored the challenges facing affordable housing delivery that uses private-public partnership (PPP) scheme as the delivery model. An in-depth semi-structured interview and survey were ...

The rise of PPPs in public sector affordable housing project delivery in Ghana: challenges and policy direction

Asset quality determinants of Indian banks: Empirical evidence and policy issues

Nonperforming assets (NPAs) crisis in Indian public sector banks is one of the biggest challenges before the current government in 2017. The finance ministry, Government of India, and the central bank, the Reserve Bank of India, are worried about the surging NPAs in Indian public sector banks because of their huge macroeconomic impact and systemic risk to the financial system. If not paid timely attention, it can hamper the economic and financial stability of the nation. Rising NPAs in Indian public sector banks are a result of bank specific, macroeconomic, and political factors. In order to control the surging NPAs in Indian public sector banks, the government and the Reserve Bank of India have implemented new crisis management framework which however is not immune to several challenges. This paper looks at NPAs crisis from the lens of crisis management, stakeholder's engagement, government relations, and issue management. Harris and Fleisher (2016) identify crisis management, stakeholder engagement, government relations, and issues management as important organizational activities that constitute part of public affairs. This paper follows a tripartite structure where it first investigates the causes of NPAs in Indian public sector banks. Second, it examines the crisis management framework developed by the policy makers and highlights the key challenges. Third, in light of these challenges, it makes recommendations to tackle the NPAs crisis in Indian public sector banks.

Lessons from NPAs crisis in Indian banks

Banks as a channel of monetary policy transmission play a very important role in facilitating the process of credit creation in an economy. It is crucial for financial stability that banks stay financially healthy. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is an important indicator of banks financial health. By nature the banking-operations and performance are subject to business cycles and fluctuations in economic activity. The global financial crisis saw the failure of financial sector giants like Lehman Brothers and banks in the U.S.A and other countries. The spread of global financial crisis worldwide attracted the interest of academicians and policy makers in banking sector and its soundness. Thus, after the financial crisis of 2008 the research on banking sector particularly CAR has gained lot of attention worldwide. Our review of extant literature highlights scanty evidence of papers examining the influence of macro-economic indicators in influencing changes in CAR of banks. We believe macro-economic variables may have a significant impact on CAR of banks as financial soundness in banks also to a large extent depends on the external factors and the state of macro-economy. Hence, this paper attempts to investigate and evaluate the impact of macroeconomic indicators on CAR for Indian banks. The study uses dynamic panel data analysis on 65 Indian commercial banks from 2007 to 2013. The findings of the study based on Generalized Method of Moments reveals that Real GDP Growth, Inflation rate, Interest rate and Exchange rate have strong impact on CAR of Indian Banks. The findings of the study suggest that the policy prescriptions that focus on the bank-specific determinants of CAR should also appropriately account for the influence of macro-economic indicators. Policy makers and regulators like Reserve Bank of India should take into consideration the effect of macroeconomic variables on CAR while framing policies on CAR and monitoring banks.

Macro Determinants Of Car In Indian Banking Sector

Cleanest cities in India 2017: Indore's meteoric rise to no. 1 spot

Schumpeter argued that entrepreneurial finance causes the absorption of innovation in the economy and productivity growth. Previous empirical work, however, reported an insignificant relationship b...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23322039.2020.1786293

Impact of primary market on total factor productivity: A cross-country analysis

The Madhya Pradesh Housing & Infrastructure Development Board (MPHIDB) is a state-owned entity in Madhya Pradesh State of India with the mandate of providing housing for citizens, particularly for those in the low-income segment. MPHIDB has been constructing houses on its own using the traditional engineering and procurement contract (EPC) model. In July 2015, it was exploring the possibility of creating affordable housing units via public–private partnership (PPP). The advantage of involving private sector is that MPHIDB can tap into creative energy and construction efficiency of the private sector and deliver the best results within the given set of time and resource constraints. The proposed structure of PPP is that the private partner will be given a portion of land in lieu of the affordable housing units that it will build and transfer to MPHIDB. However, there are trade-offs involved in doing the project in PPP mode instead of EPC mode. The main advantages of a government body like MPHDIB doing the project on its own are as follows: (a) It is able to better manage regulatory risks in terms of getting clearances, land acquisition, and so forth; (b) it can raise finances at lower interest rates than what is charged for private sector entities; and (c) the entire land parcel is available to construct houses, and hence it can get more housing units per unit of land. The Commissioner (CEO) of MPHIDB had to decide whether to go for PPP or EPC model, and if he opted for PPP, how should the PPP be structured?

Ganesh Kumar Nidugala

Papers

Lessons from NPAs crisis in Indian banks

Macro Determinants Of Car In Indian Banking Sector

Cleanest cities in India 2017: Indore's meteoric rise to no. 1 spot

Impact of primary market on total factor productivity: A cross-country analysis

Madhya Pradesh Housing & Infrastructure Development Board: affordable housing via public–private partnership mode