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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer : a Global Perspective : 食物、栄養、身体活動とがんの予防 : 世界的展望(後篇)

Scent and Fragrances. By Gunther Ohloff. Springer: 1994. Pp. 238. DM128, £50.50, $88. Natural Products: Their Chemistry and Biological Significance. By J. Mann, R. S. Davidson, J. B. Hobbs, D. V. Banthorpe and J. B. Harborne. Longman: 1994. Pp. 455. $24.99, $44.95 (pbk).

Nature's chemicals

Polygonum minus is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many aliments. The present study was performed to investigate anti-ulcer activity of P. minus aqueous leaf extract (PMALE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Group 1 rats (ulcer control group) were pre-treated with vehicle (distilled water). Group 2 rats (reference group) were orally pretreated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. Group 3 and 4 (experimental groups) were orally pre-treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg PMALE, respectively. After one hour later, all groups received absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. After an additional hour, all the rats were sacrificed and the gastric juice was collected for determining of pH and mucous weight. The stomachs were examined for gastric ulcer areas. Grossly; the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either omeprazole or PMALE exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury and increase in mucus production. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with PMALE. Histology, gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either omeprazole or PMALE which showed marked gastric protection, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study with a higher dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. In conclusions, the present finding suggests that PMALE promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer.

Cytoprotective activities of Polygonum minus aqueous leaf extract on ethanol- induced gastric ulcer in rats. Leaf Extract on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, particularly in developing countries. Cancer prevention by dietary constituents has emerged as a novel approach to reduce the number of cancer incidence. The Polygonum minus leaves or commonly known as ‘Kesum’ in Malaysia, have been used as natural remedy in traditional medicine. The leaves of this plant have been reported to be high in antioxidants. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant effect and antiproliferative activity of P. minus leaves extracts. In the present study, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of P. minus leaves were examined for the presence of phytochemical constituents using various standard procedures. Folin-Ciocalteau’s method was used for the evaluation of total phenolic content of the extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals scavenging activity assay. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts was examined against colon cancer cell line (HT 29) using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The ethanolic extract of P. minus showed the presence of more phytoconstituents than n-hexane extract. Ethanolic extract showed higher total phenolic content (137.07 ± 29.17 mg GAE/L) and strong antioxidant effect (IC50 = 63.1 µg/ml). The n-hexane extract exerted better antiproliferative activity against colon cancer cells (IC50 = 316 µg/ml). These data shows that ethanolic extract of P. minus leaves possesses antioxidant effect and n-hexane extract demonstrated antiproliferative activity against colon cancer cells.

Gayathiri Arumugam

Papers

Antioxidative and antiproliferative activity of polygonum minus leaves extracts