There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

Provided herein are methods and systems relating to location-based services such as social networking, providing demographic information, tracking mobile devices, providing business information, providing an adaptable user interface, remotely effecting a change on a portable electronic device, providing a geofence, outputting location-based information on a mobile device, varying transmissions to and from a mobile device, providing location-based alerts, verifying transactions and tailoring information to the behavior of a user.

Location-based services

With much advancement in the field of nanotechnology, bioengineering, and synthetic biology over the past decade, microscales and nanoscales devices are becoming a reality. Yet the problem of engineering a reliable communication system between tiny devices is still an open problem. At the same time, despite the prevalence of radio communication, there are still areas where traditional electromagnetic waves find it difficult or expensive to reach. Points of interest in industry, cities, and medical applications often lie in embedded and entrenched areas, accessible only by ventricles at scales too small for conventional radio waves and microwaves, or they are located in such a way that directional high frequency systems are ineffective. Inspired by nature, one solution to these problems is molecular communication (MC), where chemical signals are used to transfer information. Although biologists have studied MC for decades, it has only been researched for roughly 10 year from a communication engineering lens. Significant number of papers have been published to date, but owing to the need for interdisciplinary work, much of the results are preliminary. In this survey, the recent advancements in the field of MC engineering are highlighted. First, the biological, chemical, and physical processes used by an MC system are discussed. This includes different components of the MC transmitter and receiver, as well as the propagation and transport mechanisms. Then, a comprehensive survey of some of the recent works on MC through a communication engineering lens is provided. The survey ends with a technology readiness analysis of MC and future research directions.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-survey-of-recent-advancements-in-molecular-2pjzig1xwb.pdf

A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Advancements in Molecular Communication

Location sharing and tracking using mobile phones or other wireless devices

This work improves turbo and convolutional channel code performance on the CDMA forward link by providing the mobile channel decoder with more accurate estimates of the signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) of each received symbol. The SNIR estimates are improved by separately accounting for the in-cell interference and out-of-cell interference plus thermal noise processes at the mobile Rake receiver output. Simulations are used to illustrate that this technique significantly improves channel code performance, particularly in hotspot scenarios.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8112/22483/01049280.pdf

Improving convolutional and turbo code performance on the CDMA forward link

The ergodic and outage channel capacity of different optimal and suboptimal combinations of transmit power and modulation rate adaptation strategies over a joint fading and two-path shadowing (JFTS) fading/shadowing channel is studied in this paper. Analytically tractable expressions for channel capacity are obtained, assuming perfect channel side information (CSI) at the receiver and/or the transmitter with negligible feedback delay. Furthermore, the impacts of the JFTS parameters on the channel capacity achieved by these adaptive transmission techniques are determined.

On the Capacity of Joint Fading and Two-Path Shadowing Channels

Recent advances in power line communications (PLC) have made it popular for in-home networking. This makes PLC an increasingly relevant source of interference for digital subscriber line (DSL) networks within the home environment. This paper presents measured PLC-to-DSL coupling channels for a worst case DSL deployment scenario. We then propose an interference cancelling scheme based on a frequency domain interference canceller (FDIC) that utilizes the common mode (CM) PLC interference to estimate and remove the differential mode (DM) PLC interference. The mean square error (MSE) of the proposed FDIC is derived and compared to the minimum MSE achieved by an optimum Wiener filter. Improvement in the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) achieved by using the FDIC is also presented. Both mathematical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FCID in reducing the DM PLC interference on the DM DSL signal.

An evaluation of frequency domain PLC interference cancellation for DSL systems

Optimum and suboptimum combining is investigated for a 2-branch diversity system containing unique Class-A noise in each branch. Expressions for log-likelihood ratio (LLR) reveal that the optimum scheme can be viewed as a linear combiner which is conditioned on the Class-A state. Bit-error rate (BER) performance curves for BPSK demonstrate that use of a saturated Gaussian metric for low-complexity signal combining results in good performance. However, maximal ratio combining (MRC) performs poorly due to mismatch between the MRC LLR and the LLR for optimum schemes.

Optimum and Suboptimum Combining of Independent Class-A Noise Channels

The performance of rate adaptive M-ary quadra- ture amplitude modulation (M-QAM) and adaptive trellis-coded M-QAM in large open office indoor wireless environments is studied in this paper. An appropriate composite fading/shadowing channel model termed the Joint Fading and Two-path Shadowing (JFTS) model is adopted for the indoor wireless environment. Mathematically tractable expressions for the spectral efficiency and average bit error rate (ABER) of adaptive coded and uncoded M-QAM over the JFTS channel are derived. Analytical results demonstrate the performance of adaptive M-QAM over different JFTS channel configurations, and simulation results corroborate the derived analytical ABER expressions.

Geoffrey G. Messier

Papers

Improving convolutional and turbo code performance on the CDMA forward link

On the Capacity of Joint Fading and Two-Path Shadowing Channels

An evaluation of frequency domain PLC interference cancellation for DSL systems

Optimum and Suboptimum Combining of Independent Class-A Noise Channels

Adaptive Modulation and Coding for Large Open Office Indoor Wireless Environments