Chapter 1 The Biosphere Chapter 2 The Anthroposphere Introduction Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil Plants Chapter 3 Soils and Soil Processes Introduction Weathering Processes Pedogenic Processes Chapter 4 Soil Constituents Introduction Trace Elements Minerals Organic Matter Organisms in Soils Chapter 5 Trace Elements in Plants Introduction Absorption Translocation Availability Essentiality and Deficiency Toxicity and Tolerance Speciation Interaction Chapter 6 Elements of Group 1 (Previously Group Ia) Introduction Lithium Rubidium Cesium Chapter 7 Elements of Group 2 (Previously Group IIa) Beryllium Strontium Barium Radium Chapter 8 Elements of Group 3 (Previously Group IIIb) Scandium Yttrium Lanthanides Actinides Chapter 9 Elements of Group 4 (Previously Group IVb) Titanium Zirconium Hafnium Chapter 10 Elements of Group 5 (Previously Group Vb) Vanadium Niobium Tantalum Chapter 11 Elements of Group 6 (Previously Group VIb) Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Chapter 12 Elements of Group 7 (Previously Group VIIb) Manganese Technetium Rhenium Chapter 13 Elements of Group 8 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Iron Ruthenium Osmium Chapter 14 Elements of Group 9 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Cobalt Rhodium Iridium Chapter 15 Elements of Group 10 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Nickel Palladium Platinum Chapter 16 Elements of Group 11 (Previously Group Ib) Copper Silver Gold Chapter 17 Trace Elements of Group 12 (Previously of Group IIb) Zinc Cadmium Mercury Chapter 18 Elements of Group 13 (Previously Group IIIa) Boron Aluminum Gallium Indium Thallium Chapter 19 Elements of Group I4 (Previously Group IVa) Silicon Germanium Tin Lead Chapter 20 Elements of Group 15 (Previously Group Va) Arsenic Antimony Bismuth Chapter 21 Elements of Group 16 (Previously Group VIa) Selenium Tellurium Polonium Chapter 22 Elements of Group 17 (Previously Group VIIa) Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Trace elements in soils and plants

Chemistry of rainwater in the Massif Central (France): a strontium isotope and major element study

Small-scale spatial and temporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals in aquatic sediments: a review and some new concepts

http://www.ecole.ensicaen.fr/~chateign/pdf/GCA69_4007.pdf

Natural speciation of Mn, Ni, and Zn at the micrometer scale in a clayey paddy soil using X-ray fluorescence, absorption, and diffraction

Uptake of sodium and potassium by calcite

From July 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dew and 9 frost samples were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year was less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes were also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parentheses gives the percent of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for the same time period: H+ (0.06), Ca2+(25), Mg2 + (11), K+ (21), Na+ (4), NH4+ (10), Cl− (4), NO3− (5), and SO2−4 (5). In contrast, the concentration of the various ions in dew, except H+, is generally several times that in rain. Dew is primarily a Ca(HCO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 solution; whereas rain is primarily a NH4HSO4 solution. The mean pH of dew is 6.37 compared to 4.99 for rain. The average acetate-formate concentration of dew in equivalents was (1) equal to about 53% of the nitrate-sulfate concentration in rain for April-June and (2) 10 times more concentrated than in rain for the year. The steps governing dew composition are indicated to be (1) formation on dry deposition solids (2) dissolution of the soluble portion of the dry deposition by dew water, and (3) sorption of gaseous NH3, acetic, and formic acids into the dew solution.

Dew and frost chemistry at a midcontinent site, United States

Water Quality as Related to Linears, Rock Chemistry, and Rain Water Chemistry in a Rural Carbonate Terrain 1

Geochemistry of Carboniferous limestone units in northwest Arkansas

Base metals and other minor elements in the manganese deposits of west-central Arkansas

Ratios of Na + /Cl - for annual rain collections for 178 sites in the NADP/NTN network across the USA were compared to the same ratio for sea water. 48% of the sites had ratios which were, within experimental error, the same as sea water. 32% of the sites, all in western states, had Na + /Cl - ratios greater than sea water. These higher ratios are attributed to Na + from feldspar and clay aerosols. The remainder (20%) of the sites, with ratios less than sea water are mostly in a contiguous area composed of lower Michigan, lower Wisconsin, eastern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, northern Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York and Massachusetts. This area coincides with the areas of highest SO 2- 4 and NO - 3 concentrations in rain and is believed to receive imputs of Cl - from coal-fired power plants. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00320.x

George H. Wagner

Papers

Dew and frost chemistry at a midcontinent site, United States

Water Quality as Related to Linears, Rock Chemistry, and Rain Water Chemistry in a Rural Carbonate Terrain 1

Geochemistry of Carboniferous limestone units in northwest Arkansas

Base metals and other minor elements in the manganese deposits of west-central Arkansas

Na + /Cr - ratios in rain across the USA, 1982–1986