世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61690-6.pdf

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health

https://globalhealth.duke.edu/sites/default/files/event-attachments/2.18_meara.pdf

Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development

Because economic evaluations of health care services are being published with increasing frequency it is important to (a) evaluate them rigorously and (b) compare the net benefit of the application of one technology with that of others. Four "levels of evidence" that rate economic evaluations on the basis of their methodologic rigour are proposed. They are based on the quality of the methods used to estimate clinical effectiveness, quality of life and costs. With the use of the magnitude of the incremental net benefit of a technology, therapies can also be classified into five "grades of recommendation." A grade A technology is both more effective and cheaper than the existing one, whereas a grade E technology is less or equally effective and more costly. Those of grades B through D are more effective and more costly. A grade B technology costs less than $20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), a grade C one $20,000 to $100,000/QALY and a grade D one more than $100,000/QALY. Many issues other than cost effectiveness, such as ethical and political considerations, affect the implementation of a new technology. However, it is hoped that these guidelines will provide a framework with which to interpret economic evaluations and to identify additional information that will be useful in making sound decisions on the adoption and utilization of health care services.

How attractive does a new technology have to be to warrant adoption and utilization? Tentative guidelines for using clinical and economic evaluations

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366%2815%2900505-2.pdf

Estimating the true global burden of mental illness.

This overview of health financing tools, policies and trends--with a particular focus on challenges facing developing countries--provides the basis for effective policy-making. Analyzing the current global environment, the book discusses health financing goals in the context of both the underlying health, demographic, social, economic, political and demographic analytics as well as the institutional realities faced by developing countries, and assesses policy options in the context of global evidence, the international aid architecture, cross-sectoral interactions, and countries' macroeconomic frameworks and overall development plans.

Health Financing Revisited: A Practitioner's Guide

Indonesia is at a critical stage in the development and modernization of its health system. The government of Indonesia has made major improvements over the past four decades, but struggles to maintain and continue to improve important health outcomes for the poor and achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Nevertheless, some key health indicators show significant progress. Infant and child (under five) mortality rates have fallen by half since the early 1990s, although the speed of the decline appears to have slowed since 2002. Maternal mortality rates show a declining trend, but remain among the highest in East Asia. Indonesia's population program is one of the worlds most successful: fertility rates have declined impressively since the 1970s and continue to fall. Previously declining malnutrition rates among young children have, however, stagnated. The slowing down of progress may be explained by a poorly functioning health system as well as by new and ongoing challenges posed by demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transitions, which require new policy directions, a reconfigured and better performing health system, and long-term sustainable financing.

/pdf/health-financing-in-indonesia-a-reform-road-map-30thqbpmac.pdf

Health Financing in Indonesia: A Reform Road Map

Prologue: Changes in the way health care systems finance services are often driven by some combination of data, public pressure, payer receptivity, and the expressed views of the medical profession and allied disciplines. In this paper, two of the most seasoned observers of comparative health system research and a colleague provide the latest data and some commentary upon them for the health care enterprises of the twenty-four countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). George Schieber is director of the Office of Research at the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). Jean-Pierre Poullier is principal administrator, Directorate for Social Affairs, Manpower, and Education for the OECD in Paris. Leslie Greenwald is a health policy analyst in the HCFA Office of Research and also a doctoral candidate in public policy at the University of Virginia. The OECD's health database provides the most current road map available to compare the status of the ...

Health Care Systems in Twenty-Four Countries

In this article, the authors present the most recently available data on the health care financing and delivery systems of the 24 industrialized member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). U.S. health expenditure performance is compared with the performance of other OECD countries. Thirty-six tables of data from 1960-90 are presented on health expenditures, health care prices, availability and utilization of health care services, health outcomes, and basic economic and demographic factors.

George J. Schieber

Papers

Health Financing Revisited: A Practitioner's Guide

Health Financing in Indonesia: A Reform Road Map

Health Care Systems in Twenty-Four Countries

U.S. health expenditure performance: an international comparison and data update.

International health spending: issues and trends.