List of Illustrations. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: The Making of a World Religion: Christian Mission through the Ages: . 1. From Christ to Christendom. From Jerusalem into "All the World". The Creation of Catholic Europe, 400-1400. 2. Vernaculars and Volunteers, 1450-. Bible Translation and the Roots of Modern Missions. The Revitalization of Catholic Missions. The Beginnings of Protestant Missions. Voluntarism and Mission. Protestant Missionary Activities in the Nineteenth Century. 3. Global Networking for the Nations, 1910-. The Growth of Global Networks. International Awakenings. Awakening Internationalism. Post-Colonial Rejection of Christian Mission. Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans in Mission. Part II: Themes in Mission History: . 4. The Politics of Missions: Empire, Human Rights, and Land. Critiques of Missions. Missionaries and Human Rights. Missionaries and the Land. Missions and Ecology. 5. Women in World Mission: Purity, Motherhood, and Women's Well-Being. Women as Missionaries. Purity and Gender Neutrality. The Mission of Motherhood. Women's Well-Being and Social Change. 6. Conversion and Christian Community: The Missionary from St. Patrick to Bernard Mizeki. Who Was St. Patrick?. Bernard Mizeki, "Apostle to the Shona". Missionaries and the Formation of Communal Christian Identities. 7. Postscript: Multicultural Missions in Global Context. Bibliography. Index

Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion

Guido F. Verbeck has been viewed as a pioneer missionary, a key oyatoi gaikokujin (“foreign employee”) and a ‘foreign hero’ for modern Japan. This case-study focuses on one of the most prominent foreign figures in Bakumatsu-Meiji Japan, Guido F. Verbeck. Arriving in Nagasaki in 1859 when the ports opened, he was the only Protestant missionary in western Japan throughout the 1860s, where he taught or interacted with some of the future leaders of Meiji Japan. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, he served as the superintendent of the Daigaku Nankō, the government school of Western studies in Tokyo and as a translator and special advisor to the highest organs of the government. For the last two decades of his life, he returned to full-time missionary work, supporting Japanese Christians through translation, teaching and evangelism. Verbeck was decorated by the Meiji Emperor in 1877, granted special Japanese passports in 1891, and buried in Japan in 1898 with great honors. Arguably more respected than any other missionary or foreigner in Bakumatsu-Meiji Japan, he was a revered teacher and trusted advisor, as well as one of the most gifted foreign speakers of Japanese. 

In this dissertation, I analyze the literature and scholarship on Verbeck and examine how he has been perceived in various time periods. Though there are few biographies on Verbeck, the literature pertaining to Verbeck is much larger. The method I propose for considering why certain figures like Verbeck are attractive, is to view their lives as “enacted narratives”—that is, as figures that embody certain larger narratives for their societies. In the literature on Verbeck, for both Western and Japanese observers, he has enacted the narratives of the modern missionary movement, global modernization, and Japanese nationalism. I also argue that studying Verbeck could revive the lack of interest in Japan in recent literature on the history of missions, enrich the scholarship on intercultural exchanges and their role in modernization, and broaden the discussion of nationalism in Japan and elsewhere to include categories like “foreign heroes.”

Verbeck of Japan: Guido F. Verbeck as Pioneer Missionary, Oyatoi Gaikokujin, and "Foreign Hero"

Institute on Military and Twentieth Century Studies at Kansas State University; Northwest University

“Strengthening the faith of the children of God": Pietism, print, and prayer in the making of a world evangelical hero, George Müller of Bristol (1805-1898)

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv CHAPTER

Liberal Theology in the Late Qing China: The Case of Timothy Richard

Back in the dim ages when I was a schoolgirl we were not so well informed about the proper names for things .... If, now, Miss Barnes' school is representative at all, we have indications of a growth in half-knowledge which makes all girlish fondnesses suspect, so that the door is shut on these minor "innocent" outlets which have done so much to preserve woman's purity, or else it is opened wide on the horrendous and fascinating. Lorine Pruette, "The Flapper"[11]

George Sherwood Eddy

Papers

Pathfinders of the world missionary crusade

Eighty adventurous years : an autobiography

The new era in Asia

Sex and youth

The students of Asia