https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/685594/file/1130605.pdf

Review of Particle Physics

The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.

/pdf/pythia-6-4-physics-and-manual-3dvwmijpnq.pdf

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

This paper presents a new event generator, ALPGEN, dedicated to the study of multiparton hard processes in hadronic collisions. The code performs, at the leading order in QCD and EW interactions, the calculation of the exact matrix elements for a large set of parton-level processes of interest in the study of the Tevatron and LHC data. The current version of the code describes the following final states: (W→f')Q+N jets (Q being a heavy quark, and f = l,q), with N ≤ 4;(Z/γ*→f)Q+N jets (f = l,ν), with N ≤ 4; W→f')+charm+N jets (f = l,q,N ≤ 5;W→f')+N jets (f = l,q and Z/γ*→f)+N jets (f = l,ν), with N ≤ 6; nW+mZ+lH+N jets, with n+m+l+N ≤ 8, N ≤ 3, including all 2-fermion decay modes of W and Z bosons, with spin correlations; Q+N jets, with t→bf' decays and relative spin correlations included where relevant, and N ≤ 6; QQ''+N jets, with Q and Q' heavy quarks (possibly equal) and N ≤ 4; HQ+N jets, with t→bf' decays and relative spin correlations included where relevant and N ≤ 4; N jets, with N ≤ 6. Parton-level events are generated, providing full information on their colour and flavour structure, enabling the evolution of the partons into fully hadronised final states.

/pdf/alpgen-a-generator-for-hard-multiparton-processes-in-4tuthlh5y0.pdf

ALPGEN, a generator for hard multiparton processes in hadronic collisions

http://fig.if.usp.br/~mleite/PDF/0410022.pdf

The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC

We summarize the standard factorization theorems for hard processes in QCD, and describe their proofs.

Factorization of Hard Processes in QCD

Part I. Scalar Fields: 1. Classical fields and symmetries 2. Canonical quantization 3. Path integrals, perturbation theory and Feynman rules 4. Scattering and cross sections for scalar fields Part II. Fields with Spin: 5. Spinors, vectors and gauge invariance 6. Spin and canonical quantization 7. Path integrals for fermions and gauge fields 8. Gauge theories at lowest order Part III. Renormalization: 9. Loops, regularization and unitarity 10. Introduction to renormalization 11. Renormalization and unitarity of gauge theories Part IV. The Nature of Perturbative Cross Sections: 12. Perturbative corrections and the infrared problem 13. Analytic structure and infrared finiteness 14. Factorization and evolution in high energy scattering 15. Epilogue: bound states and the limitations of perturbation theory Appendices References Index.

Introduction to Quantum Field Theory

Multi-loop amplitudes and resummation☆

The elements, theoretical basis, and experimental status of perturbative quantum chromodynamics are presented. Relevant field-theoretic methods are introduced at a nonspecialist level, along with a review of the basic ideas and methods of the parton model. This is followed by an account of the fundamental theorems of quantum chromodynamics, which generalize the parton model. Summaries of the theoretical and experimental status of the most important hard-scattering processes are then given, including electron-positron annihilation, deeply inelastic scattering, and hard hadron-hadron scattering, as induced both by electoweak interactions and by quantum chromodynamics directly. In addition, a discussion is presented of the global fitting approach to the determination of parton distributions in nucleons.

/pdf/handbook-of-perturbative-qcd-6z1y17ugfc.pdf

George Sterman

Papers

Factorization of Hard Processes in QCD

Introduction to Quantum Field Theory

Multi-loop amplitudes and resummation☆

Handbook of perturbative QCD

An introduction to quantum field theory