The Wretched of the Earth

The intention of this work is to show that European expansion not only transformed the historical trajectory of non-European societies but also reconstituted the historical accounts of these societies before European intervention. It asserts that anthropology must pay more attention to history.

Europe and the People without History

Veblen has been claimed and rejected both by sociologists and economists as being one of theirs. He enriched and attacked both disciplines, as he did so many others: philosophy, history, social psychology, politics, and linguistics. Because he took all knowledge as necessary and relevant to adequate understanding, Veblen was a holistic analyst of the social process. First published in 1904, this classic analysis of the U.S. economy has enduring value today. In it, Veblen posited a theory of business fluctuations and economic growth which included chronic depression and inflation. He predicted the socioeconomic changes that would occur as a result: militarism, imperialism, fascism, consumerism, and the development of the mass media as well as the corporate bureaucracy. Douglas Dowd's introduction places the volume within the traditions of both macroeconomics and microeconomics, tracing Veblen's place among social thinkers, and the place of this volume in the body of his work.

Theory of business enterprise

In much educational literature it is recognised that the broader social conditions in which teachers live and work, and the personal and professional elements of teachers' lives, experiences, beliefs and practices are integral to one another, and that there are often tensions between these which impact to a greater or lesser extent upon teachers' sense of self or identity. If identity is a key influencing factor on teachers' sense of purpose, self‐efficacy, motivation, commitment, job satisfaction and effectiveness, then investigation of those factors which influence positively and negatively, the contexts in which these occur and the consequences for practice, is essential. Surprisingly, although notions of ‘self’ and personal identity are much used in educational research and theory, critical engagement with individual teachers' cognitive and emotional ‘selves’ has been relatively rare. Yet such engagement is important to all with an interest in raising and sustaining standards of teaching, particularly in centralist reform contexts which threaten to destabilise long‐held beliefs and practices. This article addresses the issue of teacher identities by drawing together research which examines the nature of the relationships between social structures and individual agency; between notions of a socially constructed, and therefore contingent and ever‐remade, ‘self’, and a ‘self’ with dispositions, attitudes and behavioural responses which are durable and relatively stable; and between cognitive and emotional identities. Drawing upon existing research literature and findings from a four‐year Department for Education and Skills funded project with 300 teachers in 100 schools which investigated variations in teachers' work and lives and their effects on pupils (VITAE), it finds that identities are neither intrinsically stable nor intrinsically fragmented, as earlier literature suggests. Rather, teacher identities may be more, or less, stable and more or less fragmented at different times and in different ways according to a number of life, career and situational factors.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30032695

The personal and professional selves of teachers: stable and unstable identities

The paper analyses and explains the appeal of the concepts of profession and professionalism and the increased use of these concepts in different occupational groups, work contexts and social systems. The paper begins with a brief preliminary section on defining the field where it is suggested that a shift of focus is required from a preoccupation with defining `profession' to analysis of the appeal to `professionalism' as a motivator for and facilitator of occupational change. Then the paper examines two past, alternative and contrasting, sociological interpretations of professionalism (as normative value system and as ideology of occupational powers). In the third section the paper argues that, in the 1990s, a third interpretation has developed which includes both normative and ideological elements. Sociologists have returned to the concept of professionalism in attempts to understand occupational and organizational change and the prominence of knowledge work in different social systems and global econo...

The Sociological Analysis of Professionalism Occupational Change in the Modern World

Chapter 1 suggested that there was a shift to the right in the 1970s. This chapter will suggest that such a transition has changed the nature of the class system. It has been well documented that the traditional working class, which was the bulwark of the labour movement both industrially and politically, has declined and been replaced by the service class in most of the advanced economies (see Lash and Urry 1987: 3–10, Fox Piven 1991). Supposedly, this alteration has changed the nature of politics, because the service class is inherently conservative (Goldthorpe 1982). This proposition is given force when one examines the decline of labour politics in the UK. The percentage of the electorate supporting the Labour Party in the UK fell from 36.4 per cent in 1945 to 23.2 per cent in 1987 (Crewe 1991: table 2.1). Such a marked decline led Crewe to comment: 
Labour’s electoral decline is internationally unique; it is long term; and it extends deeper than the vote. It may well not be fully reversible in the short term. The three election defeats of the past decade have left Labour so far behind the Conservatives in the popular vote that the electoral turnaround needed to restore Labour to office at the next election would have to be extraordinary by historical standards. (Crewe 1991: 23)

Professionalism as Enterprise: Service Class Politics and the Redefinition of Professionalism

Why are there not more original and radical theories in organization theory? To answer this question, we consider an overreliance on “theory borrowing” from other disciplines. We identify a dominant foreign to domestic to domesticated pattern of organization and management theory building and propose that the prevalent process of one-way borrowing from outside the discipline should be counterbalanced by a two-way analogical process of conceptual blending, which involves dissonant thinking, disanalogy, and counterfactual reasoning.

From Borrowing to Blending: Rethinking the Processes of Organizational Theory Building

List of Figures - List of Tables - The Post Industrial Mirage: Polarisation and the Rise of the Producer Service Economy - The Formation of a Polarised Profession: Economic Concentration and Geographic Dispersal within Accountancy - Accountancy as an Elite Labour Process within Flexible Accumulation - Flexible Accumulation and the Emergence of the Commercialised Professional - Accountancy and the International Division of Labour - Accountants and the Class Structure: To Serve or be Served? That is the Question - Conclusion - Appendix 1 - Appendix 2 - Appendix 3 - Endnotes - Bibliography

The Commercialisation of Accountancy: Flexible Accumulation and the Transformation of the Service Class

“casino capitalism” and the rise of the “commercialised” service class-an examination of the accountant

The Changing Nature of Professionalism - Legal Professionals and the Market : Historic Analysis - Corporate Clients and Professional Servants - The Structure of Law Firms - Creating Today's Lawyer - Commercialised Professionalism and Class - Professionalism Revisited

Gerard Hanlon

Papers

Professionalism as Enterprise: Service Class Politics and the Redefinition of Professionalism

From Borrowing to Blending: Rethinking the Processes of Organizational Theory Building

The Commercialisation of Accountancy: Flexible Accumulation and the Transformation of the Service Class

“casino capitalism” and the rise of the “commercialised” service class-an examination of the accountant

Lawyers, the State and the Market: Professionalism Revisited