It is anticipated that more than 75 Mb/s per subscriber is required for the convergence service such as triple-play service (TPS) Among several types of high-speed access network technologies, wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) is the most favorable for the required bandwidth in the near future Furthermore, WDM technologies, such as athermal arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and low-cost light source, have matured enough to be applied in the access network In this paper, the authors propose and implement a WDM-PON system as a platform for TPS The system employs an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)-injected Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode scheme It has 32 channels of 125 Mb/s and adopts Ethernet as Layer 2 Multicast and virtual local area network features are used for the integration of services such as Internet protocol high-definition broadcast, voice-over Internet protocol, video on demand, and video telephone The services were demonstrated using the WDM-PON system

Fiber-to-the-home services based on wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network

A method and an apparatus are disclosed for determining the position of a stimulus in two axes on a surface. The apparatus includes: a transparent waveguide panel with parallel top and a bottom surfaces and at least one edge that is perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces; a light source that is directed to the edge of the waveguide to produce light that is contained within the waveguide by Total Internal Reflection and a light detector for producing an electrical signal that is representative of an image of the light emitted by the waveguide. The light detector is positioned to receive light emitted by Frustrated Total Internal Reflection from the transparent wave guide when a physical stimulus is placed in contact with the top surface of the transparent waveguide.

Photonic touch screen apparatus and method of use

Visible Light Communications (VLC) is becoming a mature communication technology, particularly for indoor usage. The application in outdoor environments is especially interesting in the scope of Vehicular VLC (V-VLC), however, there are some critical challenges remaining. In general, VLC is a good complement to Radio Frequency (RF)-based communication. For automotive use cases, V-VLC can benefit from the huge available spectrum and the readily available Light Emitting Diode (LED)-based lighting systems of modern cars. Its Line Of Sight (LOS) characteristics, the directionality of the light, and the smaller collision domain substantially reduces interference. In this survey article, we study the state of the art of V-VLC and identify open issues and challenges. We study the V-VLC communication system as a whole and also dig into the characteristics of the VLC channel. For the beginner in the field, this review acts as a guide to the most relevant literature to quickly catch up with current trends and achievements. For the expert, we identify open research questions and also introduce the V-VLC research community as a whole.

Vehicular Visible Light Communications: A Survey

Given the requirements for a next-generation PON, the architecture of the system solution must be considered. There are many different systems that can provide the services and system-level features desired for a next generation PON; however, each has its own challenges and advantages. This article presents the set of possible solutions, and puts them into perspective of likely standardization. It also considers how the key requirement of coexistence could be accommodated.

Next-generation PON-part II: Candidate systems for next-generation PON

We plan greenfield PON networks to minimize their total deployment costs. We propose an efficient heuristic called the Recursive Association and Relocation Algorithm (RARA) to solve the optimization problem. Our algorithm can significantly reduce PON network deployment costs compared to an intuitive random-cut sectoring approach. To further tune down the costs, we also exploit the opportunity of cable conduit sharing by proposing an extension to RARA. Our case studies show that there are saturating trends for the PON deployment costs with the increase of the three system parameters, including maximal optical split ratio, maximal transmission distance, and maximal differential distance. Also, to reduce computation time for large PON deployment scenarios, we propose a disintegration planning method to divide a large planning scenario into several small ones. The method is found to be effective to provide close performance, but require much less computation, compared to the situation without disintegration.

Cost Minimization Planning for Greenfield Passive Optical Networks

This book presents fundamental passive optical network (PON) concepts, providing you with the tools needed to understand, design, and build these new access networks. The logical sequence of topics begins with the underlying principles and components of optical fiber communication technologies used in access networks. Next, the book progresses from descriptions of PON and fiber-to-the-X (FTTX) alternatives to their application to fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) networks and, lastly, to essential measurement and testing procedures for network installation and maintenance. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

FTTX concepts and applications

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Communications SystemsChapter 2: Optical Communication Systems OverviewChapter 3: The Behavior of LightChapter 4: Optical FibersChapter 5: Optical Fiber CablesChapter 6: Light Sources and TransmittersChapter 7: Photoiodes and ReceiversChapter 8: Connectors and SplicesChapter 9: Passive Optical ComponentsChapter 10: Active Optical ComponentsChapter 11: Optical AmplifiersChapter 12: Wavelength Division MultiplexingChapter 13: Constructing the WDM Network PuzzleChapter 14: Performance MeasuresChapter 15: Performance ImpairmentsChapter 16: Optical Link DesignChapter 17: Optical NetworksChapter 18: Network ManagementChapter 19: Test and MeasurementChapter 20: Manufacturing IssuesAPPENDIX A: UNITS, PHYSICAL CONSTANTS, AND CONVERSION FACTORSAPPENDIX B: ITU-T FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH GRIDAPPENDIX C: ACRONYMSINDEX

Optical Communications Essentials

This chapter contains sections titled: EFM Options EPON Architecture MPCP Functions Point-to-Point Ethernet Main EPON and P2P EFM Standards Summary Problems Further Reading 
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Ethernet in the First Mile

Biophotonics

This chapter contains sections titled: Implementation Scenarios Network Architectures Local Powering Options Service Applications Expanded WDM PON Summary Problems Further Reading 
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Gerd Keiser

Papers

FTTX concepts and applications

Optical Communications Essentials

Ethernet in the First Mile

Biophotonics

FTTP Concepts and Applications