Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects.

Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid

Assessing Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd pollution in bottom sediments of Wadi Al-Arab Dam, Jordan.

https://www.cell.com/trends/parasitology/pdf/S1471-4922(04)00029-7.pdf

Environmental parasitology: relevancy of parasites in monitoring environmental pollution

An investigation is reported of the degree of metal pollution in the sediments of Kafrain Dam and the origin of these metals. Fourteen sampling sites located at Kafrain Dam were chosen for collecting the surface, cutbank, and dam bank sediment samples. The sediment samples have been subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer for metals including Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Fe. XRD analyses indicate that the sediments of Kafrain Dam are mainly composed of calcite, dolomite, quartz, orthoclase, microcline, kaolinite, and illite reflecting the geology of the study area. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) have been calculated and the relative contamination levels assessed in the study area. The calculations of Igeo are found to be more reliable than of those of EF. The enrichment of metals in the study area has been observed to be relatively high. Igeo results reveal that the study area is not contaminated with respect to Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Mn; moderately to strongly contaminated with Pb; and strongly to extremely contaminated with Cd and Zn. The high contents of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the study area result from anthropogenic activities in the catchment area of the dam site. These sources mainly include the agricultural activities, sewage discharging from various sources within the study area (effluent of wastewater treatment plants, treated and untreated wastewaters, and irrigation return water), and the several industries located in the area. Degrees of correlations among the various metals in the study area are suggested by the results and the intermetallic relationship.

Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Kafrain Dam, Jordan

Partial table of contents: HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION AND ECOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS Ecotoxicological Research--Historical Development and Perspectives (S Jorgensen) Sensitivity of Ecosystems and Ecotones (O Franzle) Community Ecology and Population Interactions in Freshwater Systems (B Streit) CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT Speciation of Chemical Elements in the Environment (R Wilken) Abiotic Transformation Reactions (E Weber) Ecochemistry of Toxaphene (M Coelhan & H Parlar) BIOACCUMULATION AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS Bioaccumulation of Chemicals by Aquatic Organisms (D Connell) Process--Oriented Descriptions of Toxic Effects (S Kooijman) Effects of Pollutants on Soil Invertebrates: Links between Levels (J Weeks) CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT Current and Future Test Strategies in Terrestrial Ecotoxicology (R Debus) Legislative Perspective in Ecological Risk Assessment (J Ahlers & R Diderich) Index

Gerrit Schüürmann

Papers

Ecotoxicology : ecological fundamentals, chemical exposure, and biological effects