자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

The concept of theme is critical to the accurate interpretation of qualitative data. A literature review of qualitative research methodology and nursing research studies reveals considerable diversity in the identification of themes, the interpretation of the concept, and its function in data analysis. Part of the problem is the transfer of research methods from other disciplines to the study of nursing phenomena. The transfer often results in a blending of distinct research methods that compromises methodological rigor in data analysis and theory generation. A definition of theme is developed from the literature review and interdisciplinary definitions and descriptions. Five aspects of a theme and criteria foundational to the definition and concept of theme are identified. Implications of the concept of theme are presented for the conduct and application of research findings to the practice and development of nursing science.

The Concept of Theme as Used in Qualitative Nursing Research

Inference and Disputed Authorship: The Federalist

In this article, we use content and cluster analysis on a global sample of 200 social entrepreneurial organizations to develop a typology of social entrepreneuring models. This typology is based on four possible forms of capital that can be leveraged: social, economic, human, and political. Furthermore, our findings reveal that these four social entrepreneuring models are associated with distinct logics of justification that may explain different ways of organizing across organizations. This study contributes to understanding social entrepreneurship as a field of practice and it describes avenues for theorizing about the different organizational approaches adopted by social entrepreneurs.

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Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social Entrepreneuring Models

The systematic analysis of text--from political speeches to folktales--is growing in interest across the social sciences. In this chapter, the authors discuss two broad types of text analysis: the linguistic tradition, which treats text as an object of analysis itself, and the sociological tradition, which treats text as a window into human experience.

Text Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

We report here on an ethnographic model of a decision that Americans make regularly: to recycle beverage cans or not. The model was derived from 21 ethnographic interviews and 70 structured interviews in Florida and North Dakota. Ethnographic decision models are not new, but we show here that these models can be tested for both internal and external validity. We test internal validity by comparing the model's predictions systematically to what people say about their own behavior. We test external validity by comparing the predictions of the ethnographic model to those of a representative sample of 386 people across the United States. The original model accounts for about 90% of the reported behaviors, while the national model predicts about 85% of the reported behaviors.

Gery Ryan

Papers

Text Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Testing an Ethnographic Decision Tree Model on a National Sample: Recycling Beverage Cans

Using WordPerfect Macros to Handle Fieldnotes I: Coding:

Using Styles in WordPerfect as Templates for Your Field Notes