The “Handbook for Distance Education” begins with a fourpage preface followed by an eleven page overview, both written by Dr. Michael Moore. The book is then divided into seven sections, each section containing several chapters (55 in total). Each chapter is written by a well known (previously published in The American Journal of Distance Education) author or collection of authors. The title of each section and the number of chapters found in each section is shown below:

Handbook of distance education

Polymeric and inorganic nanoscopical antimicrobial fillers in dentistry.

Dental pulp stem cells, or DPSC, are neural crest-derived cells with an outstanding capacity to differentiate along multiple cell lineages of interest for cell therapy. In particular, highly efficient osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of DPSC can be achieved using simple in vitro protocols, making these cells a very attractive and promising tool for the future treatment of dental and periodontal diseases. Among craniomaxillofacial organs, the tooth and salivary gland are two such cases in which complete regeneration by tissue engineering using DPSC appears to be possible, as research over the last decade has made substantial progress in experimental models of partial or total regeneration of both organs, by cell recombination technology. Moreover, DPSC seem to be a particularly good choice for the regeneration of nerve tissues, including injured or transected cranial nerves. In this context, the oral cavity appears to be an excellent testing ground for new regenerative therapies using DPSC. However, many issues and challenges need yet to be addressed before these cells can be employed in clinical therapy. In this review, we point out some important aspects on the biology of DPSC with regard to their use for the reconstruction of different craniomaxillofacial tissues and organs, with special emphasis on cranial bones, nerves, teeth, and salivary glands. We suggest new ideas and strategies to fully exploit the capacities of DPSC for bioengineering of the aforementioned tissues.

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Dental pulp stem cells as a multifaceted tool for bioengineering and the regeneration of craniomaxillofacial tissues

Alveolar ridge augmentation can be completed with various types of bone augmentation materials (autogenous, allograft, xenograft, and alloplast). Currently, autogenous bone is labeled as the “gold ...

/pdf/human-studies-of-vertical-and-horizontal-alveolar-ridge-57tmq3ckd7.pdf

Human Studies of Vertical and Horizontal Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Comparing Different Types of Bone Graft Materials: A Systematic Review

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) have gained interest in the dental field because of their multiple uses in addition to their antimicrobial effect. One of the applications in dentistry involves the incorporation into poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. However, there is a lack of evidence on their effects on the behavior of the resulting nanocomposite. Therefore, the present review aims to screen literatures for data related to PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite to figure out the properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, methods of addition, interaction with PMMA resin matrix, and finally the addition effects on the properties of introduced nanocomposite and evidence on its clinical performance. Regardless of the latest research progress of PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite, the questionable properties of final nanocomposite and the lack of long-term clinical evidence addressing their performance restrict their wide clinical use. A conclusive connection between nanoparticle size or addition method and nanocomposite properties could not be established.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbm/2019/6190610.pdf

Behavior of PMMA Denture Base Materials Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review

Background: Quality of life in elderly is a very sensitive issue. It is important to know if the dental problems, general health and dental treatment have an impact on the quality of life in elderly. The elderly population has a typical set of mind regarding their oral health. This study examines the trends in patients’ behavioral patterns due to tooth loss, suggestive of some change in quality of life.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify and acknowledge the problems of completely edentulous patients and their relationship to the Quality of Life (QOL). Also, the study was aimed at exploring the changes in global self–rated general health between the pre and post–treatment scores.

Settings and Design: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial study which is done to evaluate the problems in the elderly and quality of life as long as their oral health is concerned. It is conducted on a group of people representing the elderly population with complete edentulism.

Material and Methods: Sixty three patients with mean age 69.41 who needed dentures were investigated before and after 6 months of their treatment by administration of GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) scale. Comparison between Pre & Post–treatment values of various scores were done with McNemar–Bowker Test. Quantitative data was represented using Mean ± SD and Median, IQR (Interquartile range). Analysis of Pre & Post–treatment quantitative data was done using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results: The results of the present study showed GOHAI scores increased from 28.90 + 7.28 to 42.19 + 7.60 (p=highly significant). There was a significant change in the quality of life in elderly after their prosthodontic rehabilitation, though the self rated general health did not show any significant improvement.

Conclusion: It is the responsibility of the entire dental fraternity to understand the needs of elderly associated to their oral health. It is important to evaluate and assess the psychological effects of tooth loss on their quality of life. A thorough investigation is necessary before and after the dental/prosthodontic care.

Assessment of Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Completely Edentulous Patients in Western India by Using GOHAI.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the concept of osteoconduction in bony changes in the oral cavity showed a wide range of biomaterials and their osteoinductive potential that emerged gradually and has to a large extent improved the quality of the bone prior to the placement of an implant. Alveolar bone loss is a major concern after tooth extraction in patients and therefore atraumatic extraction procedures should be followed to avoid further bone loss. To overcome the alveolar bone loss and to augment support for placing dental implants, many bone regenerative substitutes are available such as allografts, autografts, xenografts, synthetic biomaterials and osteoactive agents. In light of the steady progress in bone grafting techniques and graft materials, it has become possible to improve the volume, width, and height of bone in deficient areas of the oral cavity. These advances in regenerative dentistry thus facilitate an easy and convenient placement of an implant in an ideal position and angulations resulting in superior esthetics and function. Bone grafting materials and their substitutes are the alternative filler materials, which facilitate to reduce additional surgical procedures, risks, chances of cross infection involved in placing autografts and allografts into the bony structures. This review literature highlights various biomaterials that are helpful in bone healing and thus create an anatomically favorable base for ideal implant placement. How to cite the article: Nazirkar G, Singh S, Dole V, Nikam A. Effortless effort in bone regeneration: A review. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):120-4.

Effortless effort in bone regeneration: a review

Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is the most widely used material for fabrication of dentures since 1937 as it exhibits adequate physical, mechanical and esthetic properties. But one of the major problems faced using this material is that, it is highly prone to plaque accumulation due to surface porosities and its food retentive properties. This in turn increases the bacterial activity causing denture stomatitis. In efforts to impart antimicrobial property to these resins, various nanoparticles (NP) have been incorporated viz. Silver, Zirconia oxide, Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Silica dioxide (SiO2) etc. However, as additives they can affect the mechanical properties of the final product. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different concentration of TiO2 NP on the flexural strength of PMMA resins. Specimens made from heat polymerizing resin (DPI) without NP were used as a control group (Group A). The two experimental groups, (Group B and Group C) had 0.5 and 1 % concentration of TiO2 NP respectively. The specimens were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 50 ± 2 h. A three-point bending test for flexural strength measurement was conducted following ADA specification no. 12. The maximum mean flexural strength (90.65 MPa) belonged to the control group; and acrylic resin with 1 % TiO2 NP demonstrated the minimum mean flexural strength (76.38 MPa). But, the values of all the three groups exceeded the ADA Specification level of 65 MPa. Conclusion may be drawn from the present study that addition of TiO2 NP into acrylic resin can adversely affect the flexural strength of the final product and is directly proportional to the concentration of NP.

Effect of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of Heat Cured Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resins: An In-Vitro Study

Background: Divine Proportion in Orthodontics and Prosthodontics has always been intriguing. This was applied to the North Maharashtrian population to evaluate the relationship between facial esthetics and the golden proportions.

Materials & Methods: Facial proportions were assessed by examining photographs of sum total of 300 subjects of North Maharashtrian population. Young adults with a skeletal and dental Class 1 occlusion, competent lips, and balanced facial proportion were selected. Photographic prints were taken and manually parameters were plotted and analysis was done.

Results: The measurements of anterior facial height showed proportionality with the total facial height. The values showed shorter lower anterior facial height and deviation of facial width parameters from the divine proportion indicating small mouth, nose, and narrow-set eyes with respect to the inter-temporal width.

Conclusion: There is soft-tissue facial balance of North Maharashtrian population in comparison with the golden proportion. However, certain parameters show some deviation from the divine proportion..

How to cite this article: Sunilkumar L N, Jadhav K S, Nazirkar G, Singh S, Nagmode P S, Ali F M. Assessment of Facial Golden Proportions among North Maharashtrian Population. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(3):48-54.

Assessment of Facial Golden Proportions among North Maharashtri- an Population

Gagging in patients can be a major encumbrance to dental procedures further compromising the quality of dental treatment. Such patients with gag susceptibility are a nightmare to dentists. Thus, one of challenging skills put to test during the dental treatment procedure is the instant gag reflex and its management. A hypersensitive gag reflex often retards the ongoing procedures and thus prolongs the treatment procedure. The various factors range from congenital to iatrogenic, seem to exaggerate such reflex. Gagging can also be a physical expression of panic, related to a feeling that some threat to breathing or swallowing is about to occur. This article highlights the etiology, scoring the gag reflex and thus its effective and skilled management to gag prone patients during clinical procedures.

https://www.jemds.com/data_pdf/fareedi-GAG-%20ETIOLOGY%20AND%20ITS.pdf

Girish Nazirkar

Papers

Assessment of Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Completely Edentulous Patients in Western India by Using GOHAI.

Effortless effort in bone regeneration: a review

Effect of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Flexural Strength of Heat Cured Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resins: An In-Vitro Study

Assessment of Facial Golden Proportions among North Maharashtri- an Population

Gag- etiology and its skillfull management- a review