Socio-emotional competencies play an essential role in personal development as they are associated with highly prosocial behavior and low aggressiveness. An individual who is online manages his/her emotions in a specific manner. Thus, it is highly relevant to analyze and evaluate online socio-emotional competencies. Until now, however, no instruments had been defined or developed for that purpose. This study’s objective was thus to design and validate a questionnaire for the evaluation of socio-emotional competencies in virtual contexts, and to analyze eventual differences according to gender and academic year. Using the model developed by Bisquerra and Pérez (2007) as a theoretical framework, the competencies posited therein were transferred to an online environment. The questionnaire was filled out by 888 adolescents ages 12 to 17 (48% males, M = 13.83 years old, DT = 1.27), all residents of Aragón, Spain. On the basis of their responses, structure analysis, validation, and reliability were carried out. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded a five-dimensional structure with good fit and internal consistency. The five resulting dimensions evaluate (1) emotional e-conscience, (2) emotional e-autonomy, (3) emotional e-regulation, (4) e-self-control of impulsiveness, and (5) social e-competency. Differences among genders were observed in the categories of emotional e-conscience and social e-competency. Furthermore, the results of this study show that online emotional expression does not imply emotional competency. These results represent an advance in the field of emotional education.

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Social Networks, Emotions, and Education: Design and Validation of e-COM, a Scale of Socio-Emotional Interaction Competencies among Adolescents

Teacher social-emotional competence plays a crucial role in teacher professional development as it is associated with effective stress alleviation at work. However, how and under what conditions teacher social-emotional competence contributes to job burnout is a black box. This study aimed to explored the impact of teacher social-emotional competence on job burnout, focusing on the chain mediation effects of teacher-student relationships and teacher well-being. For this undertaking, stratified random sampling was used and the questionnaire was filled out by 990 teachers in 14 primary schools in Beijing. We analyzed these data using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings suggested that the teacher social-emotional competence and job burnout were negatively correlated, verifying that teacher social-emotional competence can influence job burnout through the separate and chain mediation effects of teacher-student relationship and teacher well-being. In addition, the separate mediation role of the teacher-student relationship had the most significant effect of all mediation paths. To alleviate teacher job burnout and promote the sustainability of teachers’ professional development, we suggested that emphasizing the development of teacher social-emotional competence and the sustained enhancement of teacher well-being, as well as focusing on improving teacher-student relationship.

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How Teacher Social-Emotional Competence Affects Job Burnout: The Chain Mediation Role of Teacher-Student Relationship and Well-Being

Abstract Along with the specific skills developed during psycho-pedagogical training programs of future teachers, the expected attitudes that a teacher should perform are also relevant. These attitudes can outline the area of social competence - without which the activity of a future teacher is ineffective. This socio-emotional behaviour is based on the ability to listen and learn from the other, to understand what the child feels by supporting and respecting him at the same time, the ability to create relationships. In this context, we consider that the option for the teaching profession, along with the logical arguments invoked by each applicant, is also based on justifications such as: it suits my way of being, I like to explain, I help others to understand, I was told that I know how to listen, I feel good around others, I am a person willing to offer support to others, etc. Starting from these aspects, we set out to investigate the profile of the student following the psycho-pedagogical module regarding the following dimensions - assertiveness, empathy, self-presentation and the ability to develop positive interpersonal relationships. The working hypothesis is that in the profile of the student preparing for the teacher profession we find these dimensions or specific elements. We also hypothesized that a high level of assertiveness would also result in a high level of problem-solving skills. The conducted investigation highlighted the fact that indeed the choice of a training path in the teaching career is based on an above average level of the variables assertiveness, self-presentation and the ability to develop positive interpersonal relationships with others. It can be observed, however, that the ability to resolve conflicts is at a low level, which may indicate the difficulty of students to effectively apply communication strategies in managing difficult relationships. We conclude that the activities of self-knowledge and personal development integrated in the psycho-pedagogical training programme are essential for the development of self-evaluation skills and for applying the self-perceived potential of students in effective social interactions. 

2. Social Competence and the Profile of the Student Aspiring to the Teaching Career

Development and validation of ‘EduSEL’: Educators' Socio-Emotional Learning questionnaire

Uno de los desafíos para los investigadores es generar mecanismos de retribución a los participantes de los proyectos de investigación como parte de los estándares éticos del procedimiento de campo. En este contexto, una investigación llevada a cabo en escuelas de educación secundaria respondió a este requerimiento consultando a los propios participantes sobre intereses de retribución. Se solicitó por parte de la comunidad educativa investigar sobre la salud mental producto de la sobrecarga laboral en escuelas vulnerables. Por lo tanto, este estudio se propuso (1) describir los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en el profesorado y (2) describir un programa aplicado como estrategia de intervención psicoeducativa basada en el “Modelo de consulta” para promover la salud mental. Se empleó un enfoque mixto. En la fase cuantitativa participaron 40 profesores y en la cualitativa participaron 13 profesionales de la educación en Chile. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos y con los resultados de esta fase se diseñó una intervención psicoeducativa. La fase 1 reveló niveles de estrés y depresión moderados, también ansiedad severa. La fase 2 mostró que posterior a la intervención los participantes declararon conocer nuevas estrategias para lidiar con las dificultades de la vida cotidiana y técnicas o recursos para mantener una adecuada salud mental. Los profesores luego de su participación en la intervención aumentaron su conocimiento en estrategias y técnicas de manejo del estrés y la ansiedad.

Programa psicoeducativo aplicado en el profesorado como mecanismo de retribución a las escuelas participantes de una investigación

Teachers’ social–emotional competencies are essential to educational quality. This study aimed to describe the theoretical background and relevance of teachers’ social–emotional competencies. We conducted a systematic review with a critical, theoretical review approach. The results showed that the concept has an increasingly complex history and followed a structured course from 1920 to present. Five main models have been identified: emotional regulation, prosocial classroom, Collaborative Association of Social Emotional Learning, Bar-On emotional intelligence, and emotional intelligence. There are measurement instruments consistent with four of the identified models; however, the model that does not have its own instrument uses different available scales. Specific recommendations are proposed to develop social and emotional competencies in educational public policies, which include school leadership, assessment, and teacher professional training. In conclusion, it is relevant to have clear guidelines that conceive and conceptualize social–emotional competence univocally. These guidelines would allow the design of instruments with a comprehensive and sufficient theoretical base that reflect the multidimensionality of the concept, provide a precise measure to assess the effectiveness of intervention programs, and enlist teachers who seek the development of the different skills that involve social–emotional competencies.

Gissela Lozano-Peña

Papers

Teachers’ Social–Emotional Competence: History, Concept, Models, Instruments, and Recommendations for Educational Quality