An adaptive interface for a programmable system, for predicting a desired user function, based on user history, as well as machine internal status and context. The apparatus receives an input from the user and other data. A predicted input is presented for confirmation by the user, and the predictive mechanism is updated based on this feedback. Also provided is a pattern recognition system for a multimedia device, wherein a user input is matched to a video stream on a conceptual basis, allowing inexact programming of a multimedia device. The system analyzes a data stream for correspondence with a data pattern for processing and storage. The data stream is subjected to adaptive pattern recognition to extract features of interest to provide a highly compressed representation that may be efficiently processed to determine correspondence. Applications of the interface and system include a video cassette recorder (VCR), medical device, vehicle control system, audio device, environmental control system, securities trading terminal, and smart house. The system optionally includes an actuator for effecting the environment of operation, allowing closed-loop feedback operation and automated learning.

Adaptive pattern recognition based control system and method

A mobile communications device comprising a location sensing system, producing a location output; a memory, storing a set of locations and associated events; a telecommunications device, communicating event and location information between a remote system and said memory; and a processor, processing said location output in conjunction with said stored locations and associated events in said memory, to determine a priority thereof.

Mobile communication device

A frequency converter includes a high-frequency signal input circuit for forming a high-frequency signal with bias voltage or current to output a bias-added high-frequency signal; a local oscillation signal input circuit having a first element for forming a local oscillation signal with bias voltage or current and an element for suppressing a noise component having a frequency near a frequency of multiple of even number of a local oscillation frequency to output a bias-added and noise suppressed local oscillation signal; and a multiplication circuit for multiplying the bias-added high-frequency signal and the bias-added and noise suppressed local oscillation signal. By the constitution, it is possible to convert the high-frequency signal into a desired frequency signal having low influence of noises having frequency near the frequency of multiple of even number especially zero or two of the local oscillation signal to thereby reasonably suppress gain and noise in the high-frequency amplifier and local oscillator and reducing a current consumption of a radio receiver.

Frequency converter capable of reducing noise components in local oscillation signals

Heretofore, a plurality of packages were used in a high frequency module in which a plurality of waveguide terminals were positioned resulting in problems, such as degradation of characteristics in the connection lines between packages, lower ease of assembly when mounting and connecting the connection lines, increased cost, and so forth. To solve these problems, a plurality of cavities having a part or the entire side metallized is formed in a multi-layer dielectric substrate. The multi-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of waveguide terminals, microstrip line-waveguide converters, RF lines, bias and control signal wiring, and bias and control signal pads. A high frequency circuit is mounted within the cavity and sealed with a seal and cover. This is intended to reduce the number of package, improve performance, improve fabrication, and lower the cost.

High-frequency module

A switchable microwave signal mixing circuit is disclosed which comprises: an osc 3 for generating an osc signal; 1st and 2nd microstrip lines 6, 7, coupled to the oscillator, for receiving 1st and 2nd microwave signals and the osc signal respectively; a bias voltage control circuit 54 for alternatively generating 1st and 2nd control bias voltages; 1st and 2nd FETs 8, 9, having 1st and 2nd gates supplied with the 1st and 2nd control bias voltages and coupled to the 1st and 2nd microstrip lines, drains supplied with bias voltages, and sources respectively, for alternatively generating 1st and 2nd IF signals from the 1st and 2nd microwave signals and the osc signal from the 1st and 2nd microstrip lines according to the control bias voltages; and an IF signal outputting circuit 14-18, 21 for outputting one of the IF signals selectively generated. In addition, a Wilkinson's divider 14-16 may be provided between the 1st and 2nd FETs and the outputting circuit for providing an isolation between the 1st and 2nd FETs. In addition, 1st and 2nd probing circuits 24, 25 coupled to the 1st and 2nd microstrip liens, for converting the 1st and 2nd microwaves into the 1st and 2nd microwave signals including 1st and 2nd TEM waves may be provided.

A microwave mixing circuit

A mixer is provided having a mixing element, an input signal port for incoming signals at a frequency fIN, a local oscillator signal port for signals from a local oscillator having a fundamental frequency fLO, and an output port from which the resultant frequency may be taken. Means are provided to impose a DC component of bias voltage across the mixing element at one of three levels. The mixer is such that it has a pair of conduction threshold voltages which are substantially symmetrical above and below zero volts, beyond which the mixing element will be conductive at least when a signal from the local oscillator is imposed on it. The signal from the local oscillator has substantially sinusoidal voltage waveform, with a peak-to-peak voltage which is greater than the voltage difference between the pair of conduction threshold voltages. When the first zero DC component bias voltage is imposed across the mixer element, the mixing element is conductive in respective symmetrical positive-going and negative-going senses, and the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±2fLO |. When the second DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, it conducts only once per cycle of local oscillator voltage, so that the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±fLO |. When the third DC component of bias voltage is imposed across the mixing element, the value of voltage across the mixing element exceeds the threshold voltage in the same sense as the voltage shift for about 35% to about 55% of the period of the local oscillator voltage cycle making the mixer conductive, but it is also conductive in the opposite sense for at least a portion of the remaining period of the cycle, so that third harmonic mixing occurs, and the maximized resultant frequency is |fIN ±3fLO |.

Mixer using fundamental frequency or second or third harmonic frequencies of a local oscillator for maximized resultant frequency mixer product

A radar detector includes features to reduce emissions such as those typically generated by the detector's local oscillator. Two low noise amplifiers (LNA's), operating in X band and a combined K/Ka band, respectively amplify X and K/Ka band signals from separate antennae, and deliver those signals over separate, elongated and narrow signal paths to X and K/Ka mixers, where those signals are mixed with local oscillator (LO) signals to produce IF for detection. The elongated, narrow signal paths from the antennae to the mixers reduce LO emissions, and those emissions are further reduced by incorporating radar absorbers between the circuit board and detector case along the antenna-mixer path, including radar absorptive paint on the circuit board itself along this path, and sealing the case with a conductive sealing gasket.

Radar detector with reduced emissions

A radar detector for detecting signals in a police radar band is disclosed. The detector includes features to reduce emissions such as those typically generated by the detector's local oscillator. Two low noise amplifiers (LNA's) 73,76, operating in X band and a combined K/Ka band, respectively amplify X and K/Ka band signals from separate antennae 34,32 and deliver those signals over separate, elongated and narrow signal paths to X and K/Ka mixers 74,77, where those signals are mixed with local oscillator (LO) signals to produce an intermediate frequency signal for detection. The elongated, narrow signal paths from the antennae to the mixers reduce LO emissions, and those emissions are further reduced by incorporating radar absorbers between the circuit board and detector case along the antenna-mixer path, including radar absorptive paint on the circuit board itself along this path, and sealing the case with a conducting sealing gasket.

Glen D. Martinson

Papers

Mixer using fundamental frequency or second or third harmonic frequencies of a local oscillator for maximized resultant frequency mixer product

Radar detector with reduced emissions

Police radar detector with reduced emissions