NeoGeography has been defined as a blurring of the distinctions between producer, communicator and consumer of geographic information. The relationship between professional and amateur varies across disciplines. The subject matter of geography is familiar to everyone, and the acquisition and compilation of geographic data have become vastly easier as technology has advanced. The authority of traditional mapping agencies can be attributed to their specifications, production mechanisms and programs for quality control. Very different mechanisms work to ensure the quality of data volunteered by amateurs. Academic geographers are concerned with the extraction of knowledge from geographic data using a combination of analytic tools and accumulated theory. The definition of NeoGeography implies a misunderstanding of this role of the professional, but English lacks a basis for a better term.

NeoGeography and the nature of geographicexpertise

A method and computer-readable medium are provided for navigation between attachments to electronic mail messages. According to the method, a list of e-mail messages is displayed that includes header information associated with each of the messages. When one of the messages in the list is selected, a determination is made as to whether the selected message has attachments. If the selected message has attachments, an identifier is displayed adjacent to the header information for each attachment. The identifier indicates that the attachment is associated with the selected message and may provide other information such as the type and size of the attachment. The identifiers are displayed in a manner to indicate clearly to a user that the attachments are associated with the selected e-mail message. The identifiers may be selected to preview the corresponding attachment.

Method and computer-readable medium for navigating between attachments to electronic mail messages

Geoinformatics is the science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing, and using geospatial information. It encompasses a broad range of disciplines brought together to create a detailed but understandable picture of the physical world and our place in it. "The Handbook of Research on Geoinformatics" is the first reference work to map this exciting interdisciplinary field, discussing the complete range of contemporary research topics such as computer modeling, geometry, geoprocessing, and geographic information systems. This expansive reference work covers the complete range, of geoinformatics related issues, trends, theories, technologies, and applications. Following are the features: 42 authoritative contributions by 67 of the world's leading experts in geoinformatics; comprehensive coverage of each specific topic, highlighting recent trends and describing the latest advances in the field; more than 925 references to existing literature and research on geoinformatics; a compendium of over 300 key terms with detailed definitions; organized by topic and indexed, making it a convenient method of reference for all IT/IS scholars and professionals; and, cross-referencing of key terms, figures, and information pertinent to geoinformatics.

/pdf/handbook-of-research-on-geoinformatics-5fefraad1q.pdf

Handbook of Research on Geoinformatics

Significant amounts of information available today contain references to places on earth. Traditionally such information has been held as structured data and was the concern of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). However, increasing amounts of data in the form of unstructured text are available for indexing and retrieval that also contain spatial references. This monograph describes the field of Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) that seeks to develop spatially-aware search systems and support user’s geographical information needs. Important concepts with respect to storing, querying and analysing geographical information in computers are introduced, before user needs and interaction in the context of GIR are explored. The task of associating documents with coordinates, prior to their indexing and ranking forms the core of any GIR system,
and different approaches and their implications are discussed. Evaluating the resulting systems and their components, and different paradigms for doing so continue to be an important area of research in GIR and are illustrated through a number of examples. The article concludes by setting out a range of future challenges for research in this field.

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Geographic Information Retrieval: Progress and Challenges in Spatial Search of Text

Geoprocessing services are currently a hot topic in research and industry for enabling the dynamic generation of web-based geoinformation in Spatial Data Infrastructures. An overview and an in-depth analysis of this new approach are missing yet. However, they are necessary to support upcoming projects and to streamline research towards fully web-based geoinformation. Thus, this paper provides a detailed overview about recent publications and projects concerning geoprocessing services. Research commonalities among these works are extracted. Based on this analysis, a research agenda for geoprocessing services is formulated and discussed. The research agenda identifies three major research issues, which are promising for enabling web-based geoinformation: Semantic descriptions of geoprocessing services, orchestration of geoprocessing services and approaches for performance enhancements.

https://agile-online.org/Conference_Paper/CDs/agile_2009/AGILE_CD/pdfs/124.pdf

Towards a research agenda for geoprocessing services

The need for computational resources capable of processing geospatial data has accelerated the uptake of geospatial web services. Several academic and commercial organizations now offer geospatial web services for data provision, coordinate transformation, geocoding and several other tasks. These web services adopt specifications developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) - the leading standardization body for Geographic Information Systems. In parallel with efforts of the OGC, the Grid computing community has published specifications for developing Grid applications. The Open Grid Forum (OGF) is the main body that promotes interoperability between Grid computing systems. This study examines the integration of Grid services and geospatial web services into workflows for Geoscientific processing. An architecture is proposed that bridges web services based on the abstract geospatial architecture (ISO19119) and the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). The paper presents a workflow management system, called SAW-GEO, that supports orchestration of Grid-enabled geospatial web services. An implementation of SAW-GEO is presented, based on both the Simple Conceptual Unified Flow Language (SCUFL) and the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (WS-BPEL or BPEL for short).

/pdf/orchestration-of-grid-enabled-geospatial-web-services-in-pp6pmy741a.pdf

Orchestration of Grid-Enabled Geospatial Web Services in Geoscientific Workflows

Spatial database servers allow for the storage and access of 3D geospatial data using open geospatial consortium standards The Geospatial Database Online Visualization Environment (GeoDOVE) is a prototype 3D Web-based geographic information system that demonstrates how Java3D can reduce bandwidth and allow direct connectivity to spatially enabled database systems We've developed GeoDOVE, a Java3D-based prototype system that retrieves geospatial data from conventional spatial database servers, allows modification of the visualization during runtime, and lets users remotely modify attributes using the structured query language (SQL)

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/19894/348F59D3-5A09-4EDE-830B-E05F88CE2113.pdf

Web-based visualization of 3D geospatial data using Java3D

The value of service oriented architectures has been demonstrated in several studies. A key aspect of the advantage of web services is their orchestration into complex business workflows. The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Systems (OASIS) has recently approved an industry-wide standard for workflow specification, the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), a member of OASIS, has adopted BPEL for its series of interoperability experiments. This paper presents a study concerned with the use of ontology in assisting geospatial web service orchestration. A methodology for calculating the degree of suitability of various candidate workflows is proposed. The implementation of a prototype plug-in for Eclipse-based BPEL editors is discussed. The proposed system presents candidate workflows based on semantic descriptions of feature, coverage and processing services. An evaluation of the system, based on a workflow involving a variety of geospatial web services is also presented.

Semantically-assisted geospatial workflow design

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has developed a series of specifications for geospatial web services. In parallel, the grid community has developed the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) to facilitate the development of web services on the Grid. The orchestration of OGC and OGSA web services in workflows is currently limited by a lack of interoperability between these two architectures. This paper discusses the differences in OGC and OGSA web services and proposes an approach for orchestrating these web services in workflows based on the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL).

http://edina.ac.uk/projects/seesaw/sawgeo/789.pdf

Workflow Enactment of Grid-Enabled Geospatial Web Services

The ever‐increasing number of spatial data sets accessible through spatial data clearinghouses continues to make geographic information retrieval and spatial data discovery major challenges. Such challenges have been addressed in the discipline of Information Retrieval through ranking of data according to inferred degrees of relevance. Spatial data, however, present an additional challenge as they are characteristically made up of geometry, attribute and, optionally, temporal components. As these components are mutually independent of one another, this paper suggests that they be ranked independently of one another. The representation of the results of the independent ranking of these three components of spatial data suggests that representation of the results of the ranking process requires an alternative approach to currently used textual ranked lists: visualisation of relevance in a three‐dimensional visualisation environment. To illustrate the possible application of such an approach, a prototype brow...

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Papers

Orchestration of Grid-Enabled Geospatial Web Services in Geoscientific Workflows

Web-based visualization of 3D geospatial data using Java3D

Semantically-assisted geospatial workflow design

Workflow Enactment of Grid-Enabled Geospatial Web Services

Multidimensional visualisation of degrees of relevance of geographic data