자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

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The concept of mind

Nowadays, most nurses, pre- and post-qualification, will be required to undertake a literature review at some point, either as part of a course of study, as a key step in the research process, or as part of clinical practice development or policy. For student nurses and novice researchers it is often seen as a difficult undertaking. It demands a complex range of skills, such as learning how to define topics for exploration, acquiring skills of literature searching and retrieval, developing the ability to analyse and synthesize data as well as becoming adept at writing and reporting, often within a limited time scale. The purpose of this article is to present a step-by-step guide to facilitate understanding by presenting the critical elements of the literature review process. While reference is made to different types of literature reviews, the focus is on the traditional or narrative review that is undertaken, usually either as an academic assignment or part of the research process.

/pdf/undertaking-a-literature-review-a-step-by-step-approach-glcq6s3886.pdf

Undertaking a literature review: a step-by-step approach

http://www.web.uvic.ca/~darimont/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Raymond-et-al-2010-integrating-local-and-scientific-knowledge.pdf

Integrating local and scientific knowledge for environmental management

A scoring system for appraising mixed methods research, and concomitantly appraising qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods primary studies in Mixed Studies Reviews.

Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 2nd edn

Aim.  This paper contributes to an understanding of the political and ethical aspects of action research (AR).

Background.  Action research is growing in popularity in nursing and health care as a means of changing practice and generating new knowledge. As a methodology, AR relies on a close collaborative working relationship between researcher and participants, but this close relationship is also the source of political and ethical problems faced by researchers and participants.

Content.  We argue that action researchers and participants working in their own organizations should be clear about the extent to which they are engaged in a political activity, and that AR does not offer the same ethical guarantees concerning confidentiality and anonymity, informed consent, and protection from harm as other research methodologies (both quantitative and qualitative). This argument is illustrated by our experiences of participation in an AR study.

Conclusion.  We outline three areas where AR is implicitly political, and three areas where it is ethically problematic. We recommend that researchers and participants recognize, discuss and negotiate these problematic areas before starting their work.

Action research: politics, ethics and participation

Graham R Williamson discusses the concept of triangulation in data collection and analysis in mixed-methods research, and reflects upon how this contributed to a deeper understanding when he used it in his work

Illustrating triangulation in mixed-methods nursing research.

Patients who might benefit from genetic services may be denied access through failure to be referred. To investigate the evidence on barriers to referral to genetic services, we conducted a systematic review of empirical evidence on this topic. Nine studies were included in the review. Barriers related to non-genetic healthcare professionals were: lack of awareness of patient risk factors, failure to obtain adequate family history, lack of knowledge of genetics and genetic conditions, lack of awareness of genetic services, inadequate coordination of referral and lack of genetics workforce. Those related to individuals affected by or at risk of a genetic condition were: lack of awareness of personal risk, lack of knowledge and/or awareness of medical history of family members and lack of knowledge of genetic services. Research on access to genetic services is heterogeneous; stronger empirical evidence is needed on factors that are barriers, and further research is needed to develop 'targeted interventions' for equitable access to genetic services in a range of populations.

Graham R. Williamson

Papers

Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 2nd edn

Action research: politics, ethics and participation

Illustrating triangulation in mixed-methods nursing research.

A systematic review of factors that act as barriers to patient referral to genetic services

Doing Action Research In Your Own Organization, 2nd edn.