Multidimensional Malingering Criteria for Neuropsychological Assessment: A 20-Year Update of the Malingered Neuropsychological Dysfunction Criteria.

Covert video recordings of life-threatening child abuse — lessons for child protection

OBJECTIVE
Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed.


METHODS
We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score). A retrospective cohort study of 8613 adults who attended a primary care clinic in California completed a survey about childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; illicit drug use; and other health-related issues. The main outcomes measured were self-reported use of illicit drugs, including initiation during 3 age categories: <or=14 years, 15 to 18 years, or as an adult (>or=19 years); lifetime use for each of 4 birth cohorts dating back to 1900; drug use problems; drug addiction; and parenteral drug use.


RESULTS
Each ACE increased the likelihood for early initiation 2- to 4-fold. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to initiation of drug use in all 3 age categories as well as to drug use problems, drug addiction, and parenteral drug use. Compared with people with 0 ACEs, people with >or=5 ACEs were 7- to 10-fold more likely to report illicit drug use problems, addiction to illicit drugs, and parenteral drug use. The attributable risk fractions as a result of ACEs for each of these illicit drug use problems were 56%, 64%, and 67%, respectively. For each of the 4 birth cohorts examined, the ACE score also had a strong graded relationship to lifetime drug use.


CONCLUSIONS
The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to the risk of drug initiation from early adolescence into adulthood and to problems with drug use, drug addiction, and parenteral use. The persistent graded relationship between the ACE score and initiation of drug use for 4 successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 suggests that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend secular changes such as increased availability of drugs, social attitudes toward drugs, and recent massive expenditures and public information campaigns to prevent drug use. Because ACEs seem to account for one half to two third of serious problems with drug use, progress in meeting the national goals for reducing drug use will necessitate serious attention to these types of common, stressful, and disturbing childhood experiences by pediatric practice.

Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study

Despite affecting millions of families around the world, parental alienation has been largely unacknowledged or denied by legal and health professionals as a form of family violence. This complex form of aggression entails a parental figure engaging in the long-term use of a variety of aggressive behaviors to harm the relationship between their child and another parental figure, and/or to hurt the other parental figure directly because of their relationship with their child. Like other forms of family violence, parental alienation has serious and negative consequences for family members, yet victims are often blamed for their experience. In order to be recognized as a form of family violence and to secure protection for victims under law and social policies, a formal review and comparison of parental alienating behaviors and outcomes to child abuse and intimate partner violence has been sorely needed. The result of this review highlights how the societal denial of parental alienation has been like the historical social and political denial or other forms of abuse in many parts of the world (e.g., child abuse a century ago). Reframing parental alienating behaviors as a form of family violence also serves as a desperate call to action for social scientists to focus more theoretical and empirical attention to this topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence.

The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) – A systematic review of 796 cases

Factitious disorder: a systematic review of 455 cases in the professional literature

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS) seen in a UK medico-legal setting – particularly ...

Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in the medico-legal setting: High rates of somatoform disorders, opiate use and diagnostic uncertainty.

Most of us can recall a time when we pretended to be sick to reap the benefits that go along with illness By playing sick, we gained sympathy, care, and attention, and were excused from our responsibilities Though doing so on occasion is considered normal, there are those who carry their deceptions to the extreme In this book, Dr Marc Feldman describes people’s strange motivations to fabricate or induce illness or injury to satisfy deep emotional needs Doctors, family members, and friends are lured into a costly, frustrating, and potentially deadly web of deceit From the mother who shaves her child’s head and tells her community he has cancer, to the co-worker who suffers from a string of incomprehensible "tragedies," to the false epilepsy victim who monopolizes her online support group, "disease forgery" is ever-present in the media and in many people’s lives In Dying to be Ill: True Stories of Medical Deception, Dr Feldman, with the assistance of Gregory Yates, has chronicled this fascinating world as well as the paths to healing With insight developed from 25 years of hands-on experience, Dying to be Ill  is sure to stand as a classic in the field

Dying to be Ill: True Stories of Medical Deception

Wprowadzenie. Niewiele wiadomo o sprawcach medycznego krzywdzenia dzieci (MKD, medical child abuse), czesto nazywanego takze przeniesionym zespolem Munchausena lub udzielonym zaburzeniem pozorowanym. Do tej pory na podstawie danych pochodzących z wystarczająco duzej proby nie opisano demograficznej ani klinicznej charakterystyki sprawcow. Postanowiliśmy zając sie tym zagadnieniem i przeprowadzic przegląd systematyczny opisow przypadkow oraz serii przypadkow dostepnych w piśmiennictwie. Metoda. Systematyczne wyszukiwanie opisow i serii przypadkow opublikowanych od 1965 r. przeprowadzono przy uzyciu baz danych MEDLINE, Web of Science i EMBASE. Przejrzano 4100 pozycji, a nastepnie przeprowadzono wyszukiwanie uzupelniające przy uzyciu Google Scholar i bibliografii podanych w zakwalifikowanych artykulach. Wyszukiwanie wygenerowalo probe zlozoną z 796 sprawcow – 309 z opisow przypadkow i 487 z serii przypadkow. Uzyskane informacje obejmowaly cechy demograficzne i charakterystyke kliniczną sprawcow, a takze metody krzywdzenia i nastepstwa kazdego przypadku. Wyniki. Prawie wszyscy sprawcy byli plci zenskiej (97,6%), przy czym niemal zawsze sprawczynią byla matka ofiary (95,6%). Wiekszośc zyla w związku malzenskim (75,8%). Średni wiek opiekunow w chwili kontaktu dziecka z ochroną zdrowia wynosil 27,6 roku. Osoby dopuszczające sie MKD w wielu wypadkach wykonywaly zawody związane z opieką zdrowotną (45,6%), doświadczyly powiklan polozniczych (23,5%) lub padly ofiarą krzywdzenia w dziecinstwie (30%). Najczestszymi zdiagnozowanymi u nich zaburzeniami psychicznymi byly zespol Munchausena, czyli pozorowane zaburzenie wywolane u siebie (30,9%), zaburzenie osobowości (18,6%) i depresja (14,2%). Wnioski. Na podstawie najwiekszej przeprowadzonej dotąd analizy sprawcow MKD mozna sformulowac kilka zalecen klinicznych. W szczegolności apelujemy do klinicystow, aby traktowali matki, ktore w dziecinstwie doświadczyly krzywdzenia, u ktorych wystąpily komplikacje poloznicze lub u ktorych rozpoznano zespol Munchausena, jako osoby o podwyzszonym ryzyku MKD. Niezbedne są badania podluzne, aby ustalic rzeczywistą wartośc prognostyczną tych czynnikow, poniewaz nasza metoda mogla byc podatna na wplyw tendencyjności publikacyjnej.

https://dzieckokrzywdzone.fdds.pl/index.php/DK/article/download/755/606

Gregory P. Yates

Papers

Factitious disorder: a systematic review of 455 cases in the professional literature

The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) – A systematic review of 796 cases

Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in the medico-legal setting: High rates of somatoform disorders, opiate use and diagnostic uncertainty.

Dying to be Ill: True Stories of Medical Deception

Sprawcy medycznego krzywdzenia dzieci (przeniesionego zespołu Munchausena) – przegląd systematyczny 796 przypadków