This investigation examined the reliability and validity of a rating scale for codependency in substance abuse treatment. The investigators developed an example-anchored rating scale to operationalize codependency as substance abuse counselors construe it in practice, and recruited 27 counselors for a counterbalanced multiple-treatment experiment. Counselors were randomly assigned to one of four continuing education workshops for rating-scale training, and asked to evaluate codependency in five videotaped cases. Semistructured case interviews were videotaped with a male and a female from five adult populations to vary the gender and codependency of cases: (1) outpatients in treatment for addiction, (2) outpatient spouses, (3) members of Codependents Anonymous, (4) United States Bureau of Land Management smoke jumpers, and (5) college students majoring in business or economics. To control for gender effects, one workshop presented male cases, one workshop presented female cases, and two workshops presented cases of both genders. To control for order effects, the assignment of videotapes to workshops was randomized to counterbalance the order in which counselors viewed them. The findings suggest that the rating scale yields reliable and valid evaluations of codependency without appreciable gender bias.

The development, reliability, and validity of a clinical rating scale for codependency.

This study aimed to test a model in which well-being at work is explained by the perception of organizational support and psychological capital. For this, the following instruments were used: Work Well-being Scale, Organizational Support Perception Scale and Psychological Capital Inventory, and the sample consisted of 227 workers. Among the results, it was identified that optimism, self-efficacy / hope (psychological capital) and the perception of organizational support constituted as explanatory variables of the experiences of well-being at work. Thus, the model was not fully confirmed, as resilience did not show significant relationships with WBW. Moreover, only optimism showed explanatory power over positive affects, negative affects, and realization. It is noteworthy that psychological capital had greater weight in predicting WBW than perception of organizational support, except in the case of negative affect. These results indicate that both individual and contextual variables are important to explain the prevalence of well-being at work, as proposed in the literature.

Serviço público federal ministério da educação universidade federal de uberlândia instituto de psicologia programa de pós-graduação em psicologia

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbp/v31n4/aop0609.pdf

Wives of pathological gamblers: personality traits, depressive symptoms and social adjustment

This pilot study explored the putative role of codependency as a mediator or moderator of the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin (SAFO) and offspring medical problems in a counterbalanced multiple-treatment experiment with a heterogenous sample of adult males and females. Codependent attitude and behavior were moderators that attenuated the relationship between SAFO and two measures of acute offspring medical problems, but codependent behavior amplified the relationship between SAFO and chronic medical problems. Challenging replications are called for.

To have and to hold: Codependency as a mediator or moderator of the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin and adult-offspring medical problems

This is a pilot study of substance abuse in the family of origin and its relation to offspring dissociation and offspring codependency. Cermak contends that substance abuse in the family of origin exposes offspring to trauma, that exposure to trauma in the family of origin engenders offspring dissociation, and that dissociation is the process underlying offspring codependency. Assuming that substance abuse in the family of origin exposes offspring to trauma, this experiment tested the hypothesis that dissociation mediates the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin and offspring codependency. Although it was found that substance abuse in the family of origin, offspring dissociation, and offspring codependency were associated, no support was found for the prediction that dissociation mediates the relationship between substance abuse in the family of origin and offspring codependency. Replications are called for.

Gretchen Louise Strong Cotrell

Papers

The Social Construction of Co-Dependency in the Treatment of Substance Abuse