Water network synthesis has been an active area of research for the past one and a half decades. Many think that the technology reached a mature stage in the late 1990s, especially for the insight-based technique based on pinch analysis. The only review for the field dates back to 2000. However, many new papers published in this century reveal that new research gaps are found and more works were carried out to address the limitations of the “old” techniques. The main objective of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the insight-based techniques developed in the 21st century, particularly those developed for single impurity network of the fixed flow rate problems. Comparisons were also made between these recent techniques and those developed for the fixed load problems in the past century. Various flow rate targeting techniques developed for water reuse/recycle, regeneration, and wastewater treatment are reviewed in detail, along with the network design techniques that achieve the estab...

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State-of-the-Art Review of Pinch Analysis Techniques for Water Network Synthesis

A review of different strategies for HVAC energy saving

The emergence of Pinch Analysis from more than four decades ago opened a new area of intense research development that has even accelerated in recent years. Initially, Pinch Analysis (PA) provided a systematic thermodynamic-based approach to address the need for large energy savings around the 1970s oil crises. Since inception, the Pinch Methodology (PM) has flourished considerably, finding meaningful application to a wide range of industrial, regional, and global challenges well beyond heat – it’s most well-known and first application. This review represents an attempt to identify and substantiate future directions of research for the most significant implementations of Pinch Methodology. Reported applications in the literature range from Heat Integration, Total Site and Water Integration through to Emergy and even Financial Investment Planning; cutting across multiple engineering fields – Mechanical, Chemical, Process, Power, and Environmental Engineering – as well as entering the research domains of Management and Finance. Key findings of this review include: (1) the need for more awareness within the engineering and science research communities of the latest and continuing developments of the Pinch Methodology; (2) a need for complete tool sets covering targeting through to engineering design for many of the Pinch Methodology applications; and, (3) the full benefits of Pinch Methodology can only be achieved in developing design solutions with an appreciation for the most recent developments.

New directions in the implementation of Pinch Methodology (PM)

Process Integration supporting process design, integration and optimisation has been around for more than 40 years. Its development has been closely related to developing the Chemical Engineering, implementation of mathematical modelling and the application of information technology. Its development has been accelerating as the methodology has been able to provide answers and support for important issues regarding economic development—energy, water and resources better utilisation and savings. This contribution is targeted towards a short overview of recent achievements and future challenges.

Recent developments in Process Integration

Combined life cycle assessment and artificial intelligence for prediction of output energy and environmental impacts of sugarcane production

This paper presents a simple graphical method for determining the minimum hydrogen demand. In the pure hydrogen load versus flow rate diagram, the sink and source composite curves are constructed, and they can shift freely in every direction. Through moving the hydrogen source composite curve to the position at which the two composite curves intersect at only two points, the hydrogen pinch point of the system is identified. Furthermore, the minimum utility consumption can be determined from the diagram. This method is simple, efficient, and easy to understand. It can be used in hydrogen systems with any utility concentration.

New Graphical Method for the Integration of Hydrogen Distribution Systems

A novel graphical method for the integration of hydrogen distribution systems with purification reuse

This paper addresses the minimization of the utility consumption of hydrogen distribution networks with multiple impurities. The impurity profiles, which are plotted according to the impurity concentration versus flowrate, and the impurity deficit diagram of all impurities are proposed. Two systematic targeting procedures for two different types of systems are developed for screening the minimum utility consumption before modifying the distribution system. In the procedures, all impurities are considered at the same time. Although iterative calculation is necessary, this method can determine the minimum utility consumption of hydrogen easily. It can also be used for minimizing the freshwater consumption in water allocation networks.

Guilian Liu

Papers

New Graphical Method for the Integration of Hydrogen Distribution Systems

A novel graphical method for the integration of hydrogen distribution systems with purification reuse

The Integration of the Hydrogen Distribution System with Multiple Impurities

Heat integration of heat pump assisted distillation into the overall process

A conceptual method for targeting the maximum purification feed flow rate of hydrogen network