http://cepac.cheme.cmu.edu/pasilectures/pinto/revpaper-NS2.pdf

Pharmaceutical supply chains: key issues and strategies for optimisation

Supply chain optimisation for the process industries: Advances and opportunities

The performance of a supply chain should usually be measured by multiple criteria. We address production, distribution and capacity planning of global supply chains considering cost, responsiveness and customer service level simultaneously. A multiobjective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is developed with total cost, total flow time and total lost sales as key objectives. Also, two strategies to expand the formulation plants' capacities are considered in the model. The e-constraint method and lexicographic minimax method are used as solution approaches to tackle the multiobjective problem. Finally, a numerical example is investigated to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and solution approaches. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

/pdf/multiobjective-optimisation-of-production-distribution-and-h40v037xqo.pdf

Multiobjective optimisation of production, distribution and capacity planning of global supply chains in the process industry

Fouling of heat exchangers is a problem in the dairy industry and costs billions of dollars every year. It has been studied extensively by researchers around the world, and a large number of studies are reported in the literature. This review focuses on the mechanisms of milk fouling, investigating the role of protein denaturation and aggregation as well as mass transfer. We also endeavor to review the effect of a number of factors which have been classified into 5 categories: (1) milk quality, (2) operating conditions, (3) type and characteristics of heat exchangers, (4) presence of microorganisms, and (5) transfer of location where fouling takes place. Different aspects have been discussed with the view of possible industrial applications and future direction for research. It may not be possible to alter the properties of milk since they are dependent on the source, collection schedule, season, and many other factors. Lowering the surface temperature and increasing the flow velocity tend to reduce fouling. Reducing the heat transfer surface roughness and wettability is likely to lower the tendency of the proteins to adsorb onto the surface. The use of newer technologies like microwave heating and ohmic heating is gaining momentum because these result in lower fouling; however, further research is required to realize their full potential. The presence of microorganisms creates problem. The situation gets worse when the microorganisms get released into the process stream. The location where fouling takes place is of paramount importance because controlling fouling within the heat exchanger may yield little benefit in case fouling starts taking place elsewhere in the plant.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00080.x

A Critical Review of Milk Fouling in Heat Exchangers

PID controller tuning for integrating and unstable processes with time delay

Pharmaceutical companies are undergoing major changes to cope with the new challenges of the modern economy. The globalization of the business, the diversity and complexity of new drugs, the increasing tightness of capital, and the diminishing protection provided by patents are some of the factors driving these changes. All stages of the business value chain are affected: from the development of new drugs to the management of the manufacturing and marketing networks. This paper describes an optimization-based approach to selecting both a product development and introduction strategy and a capacity planning and investment strategy. The overall problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. This takes account of both the particular features of pharmaceutical active ingredient manufacturing and the global trading structures. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.

Strategic Supply Chain Optimization for the Pharmaceutical Industries

Simple PI and PID tuning for open-loop unstable systems

This paper presents mathematical programming models for the optimal process plant layout based on a continuous dimensional space. Two alternative formulations are proposed which can accommodate rectangular equipment footprints of arbitrary size. Then, one of the formulations is extended to account for a common designer objective: to organize the layout into well-defined production sections. All models are formulated as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems which can be solved to global optimality by using commercial optimization software. The applicability of the proposed mathematical models is demonstrated by a number of illustrative examples.

Guillermo E. Rotstein

Papers

Strategic Supply Chain Optimization for the Pharmaceutical Industries

Simple PI and PID tuning for open-loop unstable systems

Continuous-Domain Mathematical Models for Optimal Process Plant Layout

A general mathematical programming approach for process plant layout

Modelling and simulation of complex plate heat exchanger arrangements under milk fouling