Large numbers of people born in poor countries would like to leave those countries, but barriers prevent their emigration. Those barriers, according to economists best estimates to date, cost the world economy much more than all remaining barriers to the international movement of goods and capital combined. Yet economists spend much more time studying the movement of goods and capital, and when they study migration at all, they focus on the effects of immigration on nonmigrants in destination countries. I ask why this is the case and sketch a four-point research agenda on the effects of emigration. Barriers to emigration deserve a research priority that is commensurate with their likely colossal economic effects.

Economics and Emigration: Trillion-Dollar Bills on the Sidewalk? - Working Paper 264

Dans cet article l'A. se penche sur le debat existant a propos du feminisme islamiste. L'A. revient sur la revolution iranienne et ses consequences pour la condition feminine, puis etudie respectivement les protagonistes d'un feminisme islamiste et ses detracteurs pour s'interroger sur les perspectives d'une societe civile et citoyenne

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/339639

Islamic feminism and its discontents: Toward a resolution of the debate

This book identifies the economic and social obstacles that women in the Middle East and North Africa face in seeking employment. It also analyzes the potential economic benefits of engaging women in the workforce and suggests a plan of action that would help expand their role in the formal economy and public sphere. The book urges policymakers to pursue an agenda that will promote equity and offer women greater access to economic opportunities and security. It also acknowledges the central role of the family in the Middle East and North Africa as a common cultural asset, and calls for a supportive environment that will allow women to play multiple roles to support their families. Per capita income in the Middle East and North Africa could have grown substantially more had women had greater access to economic opportunity. This would have significantly enhanced the development and welfare of countries and families in the region, according to the authors of the Gender and Development in the Middle East and North Africa. The situation of women in the region presents a unique paradox: decades of heavy investments in social sectors have improved women's health and education; above all they have reduced illiteracy and brought down fertility rates. However, these have not translated to higher employment and empowerment for women. Less than one-third of women participate in the labor force, the lowest among all regions. This is due to persistent social and economic barriers that limit women's access to economic opportunities. In a global economy that values mental power, the region's new comparative advantage could well be its large, educated and, increasingly, female workforce. Economic growth relies increasingly on a country's quality of human resources, and women remain a largely untapped resource. Therefore, gender issues need to be viewed as central in policy design and implementation. Gender equality is not only for the sake of women. It promotes growth and aids the welfare of society in general.

Gender and development in the Middle East and North Africa : women in the public sphere

Why were urban women veiled in the early 1900s, unveiled from 1936 to 1979, and reveiled after the 1979 revolution? This question forms the basis of Hamideh Sedghi's original and unprecedented contribution to politics and Middle Eastern studies. Using primary and secondary sources, Sedghi offers new knowledge on women's agency in relation to state power. In this rigorous analysis she places contention over women at the centre of the political struggle between secular and religious forces and demonstrates that control over women's identities, sexuality, and labor has been central to the consolidation of state power. Sedghi links politics and culture with economics to present an integrated analysis of the private and public lives of different classes of women and their modes of resistance to state power.

/pdf/women-and-politics-in-iran-veiling-unveiling-and-reveiling-4zw8albxpr.pdf

Women and politics in Iran : veiling, unveiling, and reveiling

1. Introduction 2. Woman as wife and man as husband: making the marital bargain 3. Woman and man as divorced: asserting rights 4. Woman and man as legal subjects: managing and testifying 5. Woman and man in gendered space: submitting.

/pdf/women-family-and-gender-in-islamic-law-3rv4x6fbhr.pdf

Women, family, and gender in Islamic law

Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran

Women and revolution in Iran

From the Ivory Tower of Columnist.Regulation and Privatization.Labor Markets and Immigration.Human Capital and Schools.Families.Discrimination.Crime and Addictions.Antitrust and Cartels.Special Interest and Politics.Government Taxes.Capitalism and Other Economic Systems.International Trade and International Agreements.Stock Market and Recessions.Economists.

The Economics of Life: From Baseball to Affirmative Action to Immigration, How Real-World Issues Affect Our Everyday Life

Marriage in the Qajar period Guity Nashat Reflection in the mirror - how each saw the other: Women in the nineteenth century Shireen Mahdavi The origins and development of the Women's Movement in Iran, 1906-1941 Mansoureh Ettehadieh The Women's Organization of Iran: Evolutionary politics and revolutionary change Mahnaz Afkhami The role of women Members of Parliament, 1963-1988 Haleh Esfandiari Women and the labor process in the Islamic Republic of Iran Fatemeh Etemad Moghadam Labor-force participation of women in contemporary Iran Amir Mehryar, Gholamali Farjadi & Mohammad Tabibian Sexuality, rights and Islam: Competing gender discourses in post-revolutionary Iran Ziba Mir-Hosseini Rural women's history: A case study from Boir Ahmad Erika Friedl Qashqa'I women in post-revolutionary Iran Lois Beck

Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic

Tracing the evolution of the role of women beginning with ancient Middle Eastern societies through the seventeenth century, Guity Nashat employs a rational choice theoretical framework to examine the interplay between local practices and early Islamic beliefs and institutions. She further examines the expansion of Islam throughout the area and the subsequent development of the foundations of Islamic law and practice with regard to women. Judith E. Tucker surveys women and gender issues in the nineteenth and twentieth century Middle East with a particular focus on economic activity, access to political power, and contributions to cultural life. This essay also addresses the role that Islam and indigenous custom are thought to play in shaping women's lives.

Guity Nashat

Papers

Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran

Women and revolution in Iran

The Economics of Life: From Baseball to Affirmative Action to Immigration, How Real-World Issues Affect Our Everyday Life

Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic

Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Restoring Women to History