The theoretical fundamentals of fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers(OPA) are reviewed,and their applications are discussed in this paper.In the end the future research aspects are expected.

Fiber-based Optical Parametric Amplifiers and Their Applications

Traveling-wave amplification of a lambda = 1.53 microm signal with +22-dB gain is achieved at 295 K in an Er(3+)-doped single-mode fiber using a lambda = 514.5 nm pump source. The optimum fiber length for maximum gain is determined experimentally. A limit in signal-to-noise ratio that is due to concurrent amplification of spontaneous emission is observed. By cooling the fiber to 77 K, the amplifier gain is increased to +29 dB as a result of depopulation of the lower laser level.

High-gain erbium-doped traveling-wave fiber amplifier

Perception layer security in Internet of Things

TDD-net: a tiny defect detection network for printed circuit boards

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Optical solitons and conservation laws associated with Kudryashovs sextic power-law nonlinearity of refractive index

Effect of four-wave mixing in WDM optical fibre systems

All-Optical Signal Processing is an emerging technology which can avoid costly Optical–electronic–optical (O–E–O) conversions which are usually compulsory in traditional Electronic Signal Processing systems, thus greatly enhancing operating bit rate with some added advantages such as electro-magnetic interference immunity and low power consumption etc. In order to implement complex signal processing tasks All-Optical logic gates are required as backbone elements. This review describes the advances in the field of All-Optical logic design methods based on interferometric architectures such as Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), Sagnac Interferometers and Ultrafast Non-Linear Interferometer (UNI). All-Optical logic implementations for realization of arithmetic and signal processing applications based on each interferometric arrangement are also presented in a categorized manner.

Interferometric architectures based All-Optical logic design methods and their implementations

The method for detection and classification of defects in Printed circuit boards using image subtraction has been presented in this paper. Image subtraction method is one of the simplest methods for the inspection of the PCB defects. The defects like missing hole, over and under etching, wrong hole size defects, missing conductor and break lines have been detected and classified in this paper.

Detection and classification of Printed circuit board defects using image subtraction method

Effect of fibre nonlinearities in a WDM transmission system

Dispersion compensation is the most important feature required in optical fiber communication system because absence of it leads to pulse spreading that causes the output pulses to overlap. If an input pulse is caused to spread such that the rate of change of the input exceeds the dispersion limit of the fiber, the output data will become indiscernible. In this paper various dispersion compensation techniques are discussed likeDispersion Compensating Fibers (DCF), Electronic Dispersion Compensation (EDC), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and digital filters.

Gurmeet Kaur

Papers

Effect of four-wave mixing in WDM optical fibre systems

Interferometric architectures based All-Optical logic design methods and their implementations

Detection and classification of Printed circuit board defects using image subtraction method

Effect of fibre nonlinearities in a WDM transmission system

Various Dispersion Compensation Techniques for Optical System: A Survey