Handbook of palynology

Partial sequences of the nuclear gene encoding the photoreceptor phytochrome A (PHYA) are used to reconstruct relationships within Orobanchaceae, the largest of the parasitic angiosperm families. The monophyly of Orobanchaceae, including nonphotosynthetic holoparasites, hemiparasites, and nonparasitic Lindenbergia is strongly supported. Phytochrome A data resolve six well-supported lineages that contain all of the sampled genera except Brandisia, which is sister to the major radiation of hemiparasites. In contrast to previous plastid and ITS trees, relationships among these major clades also are generally well supported. Thus, the robust phylogenetic hypothesis inferred from the PHYA data provides a much better context in which to evaluate the evolution of parasitism within the group. Ninety-eight species of Orobanchaceae, representing 43 genera, are included and Brandisia, Bungea, Cymbaria, Esterhazya, Nesogenes, Phtheirospermum, Radamaea, Siphonostegia, and Xylocalyx are confirmed as members of Orobanchaceae. The earliest diverging lineage of hemiparasites is identified for the first time; it contains Bungea, Cymbaria, Monochasma, Siphonostegia, and the monotypic Schwalbea, which is federally endangered. This basal clade is marked by the presence of two novel introns. A second, apparently independent gain of one of these introns marks a clade of largely European taxa. There is significant rate heterogeneity among PHYA sequences, and the presence of multiple PHYA in some taxa is consistent with observed ploidy levels.

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Phylogeny of the parasitic plant family Orobanchaceae inferred from phytochrome A.

Micromorphological Studies on Seeds of Orobanche Species from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, and Their Systematic Significance

Genetic relationships among Orobanche species as revealed by RAPD analysis.

Accurate classification systems based on evolution are imperative for biological investigations. The recent explosion of molecular phylogenetics has resulted in a much improved classification of angiosperms. More than five phylogenetic lineages have been recognized from Scrophulariaceae sensu lato since the family was determined to be polyphyletic; however, questions remain about the genera that have not been assigned to one of the segregate families of Scrophulariaceae s.l. Rehmannia Liboschitz and Triaenophora Solereder are such genera with uncertain familial placement. There also is debate whether Triaenophora should be segregated from Rehmannia. To evaluate the phylogenetic relations between Rehmannia and Triaenophora, to find their closest relatives, and to verify their familial placement, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of one nuclear DNA (ITS) region and four chloroplast DNA gene regions (trnL-F, rps16, rbcL, and rps2) individually and combined. The analyses showed that Rehmannia and Triaenophora are each strongly supported as monophyletic and together are sister to Orobanchaceae. This relation was corroborated by phytochemical and morphological data. Based on these data, we suggest that Rehmannia and Triaenophora represent the second nonparasitic branch sister to the remainder of Orobanchaceae (including Lindenbergia).

https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.3732/ajb.0800195

H.A. Abu Sbaih

Papers

Pollen morphology of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae)

Regular ArticlePollen morphology of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae)

Pollen morphology of the genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae)