Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is known to be a very good energy storage device. This article provides an overview and potential applications of the SMES technology in electrical power and energy systems. SMES is categorized into three main groups depending on its power conditioning system, namely, the thyristor-based SMES, voltage-source- converter-based SMES, and current-source-converter-based SMES. An extensive bibliography is presented on the applications of these three types of SMES. Also, a comparison is made among these three types of SMES. This study provides a basic guideline to investigate further technological development and new applications of SMES, and thus benefits the readers, researchers, engineers, and academicians who deal with the research works in the area of SMES.

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An Overview of SMES Applications in Power and Energy Systems

A unified PID tuning method for load frequency control (LFC) of power systems is discussed in this paper. The tuning method is based on the two-degree-of-freedom (TDF) internal model control (IMC) design method and a PID approximation procedure. The time-domain performance and robustness of the resulting PID controller is related to two tuning parameters, and robust tuning of the two parameters is discussed. The method is applicable to power systems with non-reheated, reheated, and hydro turbines. Simulation results show that it can indeed improve the damping of the power systems. It is shown that the method can also be used in decentralized PID tuning for multi-area power systems.

Unified Tuning of PID Load Frequency Controller for Power Systems via IMC

Bacteria foraging optimization algorithm based load frequency controller for interconnected power system

Due to different viewpoints, procedures, limitations, and objectives, the scheduling problem of distributed energy resources (DERs) is a very important issue in power systems. This problem can be solved by considering different frameworks. Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are two famous and suitable concepts by which this problem is solved within their frameworks. Each of these two solutions has its own special significance and may be employed for different purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and review papers and literature in this field. In this paper, the scheduling problem of DERs is studied from various aspects such as modeling techniques, solving methods, reliability, emission, uncertainty, stability, demand response (DR), and multi-objective standpoint in the microgrid and VPP frameworks. This review enables researchers with different points of view to look for possible applications in the area of microgrid and VPP scheduling.

H.A. Shayanfar

Papers

Load frequency control strategies: A state-of-the-art survey for the researcher

Multi-stage fuzzy load frequency control using PSO

Joint market clearing in a stochastic framework considering power system security

A robust mixed H2/H∞ based LFC of a deregulated power system including SMES

Coupled energy and reactive power market clearing considering power system security