https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.1780090107

The effect of gold salt on lysosomal enzymes of the peritoneal macrophage.

Postmortem specimens from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had received 5 g of aurothioglucose were examined histologically, and their gold content was determined by activation analysis. The highest concentration of gold was found in the lymph nodes followed by the adrenal gland, renal cortex and other organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Comparatively low concentrations were found in tissues comprising the joint structure. Organs in which the greatest quantities of gold were stored include the bone marrow, liver, skin and bone. These findings demonstrate the body's capacity to store relatively large quantities of gold without adverse reaction, support the concept of a systemic rather than local mechanism of action (at the joint level) and demonstrate in vivo gold concentrations in the range expected to produce local cellular biologic effects.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.1780150103

Tissue gold concentration in a rheumatoid arthritic receiving chrysotherapy

The Warburg effect and glucose-derived cancer theranostics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some fundamental discoveries that were instrumental in the development of chrysotherapy as a therapeutic tool. Recent reviews evaluating the numerous other drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis unanimously suggest that gold salts are the only class of drug able to bring about remission of this disease. The chapter summarizes the evidence that gold compounds are regulators of immunological responses and indicates that this activity may contribute greatly to their beneficial effects. The effects of these compounds in rheumatoid arthritis are discussed in this chapter, as the vast majority of reports involving gold have dealt with this disease or events thought to occur during the course of the disease. The effect of gold in other arthritic diseases, pemphigus, asthma, and possibly cancer, has been discussed in the chapter. It presents the similarities and differences between the parenteral and oral forms of gold where appropriate. The chapter also discusses many other chemical and biological aspects of gold compounds.

Immunopharmacology of gold.

The pancreatic islet tissue in mice with obesity induced by goldthioglucose

Radioactive gold thioglucose was prepared using gold-198 and sulfur-35. It was administered in normal saline solution to female Rockland Swiss mice between 4 and 5 weeks of age and weighing approximately 20 gm. The labeled compound was given at a dose of 1 mg/gm of body weight and the radioactive dose was 0.2 uc/gm. The distribution of the labeled compound was determined at intervals of 30 minutes, 2, 6, 18 and 48 hours. The hypothalamic levels of radioactivity of mice treated with both sulfur-35- and gold-198-labeled gold thioglucose were significantly greater than those of the hindbrain and cerebrum at all time intervals with the exception of the hindbrain at 30 minutes. Autoradiographs of mice treated with gold-198-labeled material showed a localization of radioactivity in the diencephalon, which contains the hypothalamus. The kidney had the highest concentration of both labeled compounds at 30 minutes, and adrenal values were close to those of the kidney. Lesser degrees of radioactivity were found in the spleen, liver, muscle and blood.

H. A. Swartz

Papers

Distribution of sulfur-35- and gold-198-labeled gold thioglucose in mice.