Estimation of Cumulative Aquatic Exposure and Risk Due to Silver: Contribution of Nano-Functionalized Plastics and Textiles

All chapters of the previous edition [see HbA 37, 2103] have been completely rewritten to cover the rapid increase in research in this area. The number of literature citations have been reduced by referring to recent review articles and the book aims at a comprehensive and critical rather than encyclopaedic summary of the data of environmental chemistry. The 1st 4 chapters deal with air, water, rocks and soils; the cycling of C, N, H, O2 and S in the biosphere are covered in 1 chapter and the elemental Other CABI sites 

Environmental Chemistry of the Elements

Aging and soil organic matter content affect the fate of silver nanoparticles in soil.

Speciation and bioavailability of selenium and antimony in non-flooded and wetland soils: a review.

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) already occur in sewage and wastewater biosolids due to their release from commercial products (e.g., nanoscale titanium dioxide). Increasing levels and diversity of nanomaterials may enter sewage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the future as they are released from products containing nanomaterials (e.g., coatings) embedded in products, or from industrial processes that use nanomaterials (e.g., polishing). Some metallic nanomaterials may dissolve (e.g., silver-, zinc-, or copper-based) or biodegrade (e.g., fullerenes) in wastewater, and subsequently sorb to settable biomass, precipitate as inorganic solids, or form stable aqueous complexes. Nanomaterials themselves sorb onto bacterial biomass in WWTPs, leading to their removal from water, but accumulation in biosolids that are disposed to land surface spreading fields, landfills, or incineration where their fate needs to be further considered. Because of the dense biological communities in WWTP unit proc...

Nanomaterial Removal and Transformation During Biological Wastewater Treatment

Metals (Ag, In, Sn, Sb, and Bi) were added to the surfaces of four soil types in columns and exposed to precipitation in a grass-covered field for 18 months. The distributions of the total concentrations and the chemical fractions of the metals were then analyzed to study the metal migration in the soils. The chemical fractionation was performed by using an eight-step sequential extraction technique. Most of the added metals were retained in the uppermost (0 to 2 cm with filter) soil layers, but small portions were moved to the sublayers. Major chemical fractions (>10% in proportion) of the added metals were residual, H 2 O 2 extractable organic-bound (H 2 O 2 -Org), and metal-organic complex-bound (Me-Org) fractions for Ag, Me-Org, residual, carbonate-bound, and H 2 O 2 -Org fractions for In, residual, Me-Org, amorphous metal oxides-bound (am-MeOx), and crystalline Fe oxides-bound fractions for Sn, Me-Org, residual, am-MeOx, and H 2 O 2 -Org fractions for Sb, and H 2 O 2 -Org, am-MeOx, and Me-Org fractions for Bi. Metal migration in soils was mainly associated with the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and Me-Org fractions. The capacity of soils to retain the metals was in the order Andosol > Fluvisol > Regosol ≅ Cambisol. The mobility of metals was in the order In ≅ Bi > Sb > Ag Sn.

H. Hou

Papers

Migration of silver, indium, tin, antimony, and bismuth and variations in their chemical fractions on addition to uncontaminated soils