This report is a supplement to the literature review, FHWA-RD-95-153. The purpose of the review was twofold: first, to conduct a literature review of human factors-applicable articles associated with Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and ATIS-related commercial vehicle operations (CVO) systems and to extract existing human factors guidelines for the development of future ATIS devices, and second, to identify areas in which further research was needed in order to establish guidelines. An extensive search was conducted of the ITS human factors research available in the open literature. Included in the review are: relevant technical ATIS reports; literature from automobile and CVO manufacturers, after-market system development companies, ITS university researchers, and government agencies; and documents from Europe and Japan. The main body of this supplement report contains a brief summary of over 250 articles found for the literature review. The articles appear alphabetically. Applicability to guideline development and usefulness to future project tasks is indicated for each article. There are two appendices. The first contains each citation, the associated keywords and the page number from the main report. The second is a keyword index.

Development of human factors guidelines for advanced traveler information systems and commercial vehicle operations: literature review

South Korea is ranked as 4th among 34 nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with 102 deaths in road accidents per one million population. This paper aims to investigate the factors associated with road accidents in South Korea. The rainfall data of the Korea Meteorological Administration and road accidents data of Traffic Accident Analysis System of Korea Road Traffic Authority is analyzed for this purpose. In this connection, multivariate regression analysis and ratio analysis with the descriptive analysis are performed to uncover the catastrophic factors involved. In turn, the results reveal that traffic volume is the leading factor in road accidents. The limited road extension of 1.47% compared to the 4.14% per annum growth of the vehicles is resulting in road accidents at such a large scale. The increasing proportion of passenger cars accelerate road accidents as well. 56% of accidents occur by the infringement of safety driving violations. The drivers with higher driving experience tend to have a higher accident ratio. The collected data is analyzed in terms of gender, driver experience, type of violations and accidents as well as the associated time of the accidents when they happen. The results indicate that 36.29% and 53.01% of accidents happen by male drivers in the day and night time, respectively. 29.15% of crashes happen due to safety infringement and violations of 41 to 60 years old drivers. The results demonstrate that population density is associated with the accidents frequency and lower density results in an increased number of accidents. The necessity of the state-of-the-art regulations to govern the urban road traffic is beyond dispute, and it becomes even more crucial for citizens' relief since in our daily lives road accidents are getting more diverse.

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Catastrophic factors involved in road accidents: Underlying causes and descriptive analysis.

/pdf/night-vision-enhancement-systems-what-should-they-do-and-2zlhvaoe24.pdf

Night vision enhancement systems: what should they do and what more do we need to know?

Der Verkehrsraum sowie der Fahrzeuginnenraum wurde in den letzten Jahren fur den Kraftfahrer zunehmend komplexer. Trotz einer sehr hohen Informationsdichte, muss der Fahrer die fur den Verkehr relevanten Objekte und Ereignisse rechtzeitig wahrnehmen, um sicher fahren zu konnen. Kleinere Fehler, sowie Unaufmerksamkeiten, konnen schwerwiegende Folgen mit sich bringen. An ausgewahlten Beispielen wird in der Arbeit Ablenkung im Strasenverkehr und deren Einfluss auf das Fahrverhalten analysiert. Nowadays drivers have to get along with an increasing complex visual environment in road traffic. There are not only distractions available within the vehicle, like radio, navigation system and passengers. The environment outside the car becomes also more and more complex. Car drivers’ gaze behaviour while being distracted is studied on the basis of some examples. Furthermore different performance indicators are analysed. Umfang: III, 176 S. Preis: €39.00 | £36.00 | $69.00

Ablenkung im Straßenverkehr und deren Einfluss auf das Fahrverhalten

This report summarizes applied human factors studies of vision enhancement systems (both night vision goggles and LCD-based systems) and related topics for driving at night. Research recommendations are given based on gaps in the literature. Studies are grouped by dependent measure and task (target detection, distance/gap estimation, driving performance, subjective workload and preference, and other) and independent factor categories (display, sensor, environment, and the driver). Display characteristics include aided vs. unaided viewing, image-display mapping (field of view, magnification, focal length), image polarity, stereoscopic vs. monoscopic systems, and color vs. monochromatic images. Sensor characteristics include the sensor position and panning, type, fusion, reliability, and quality. Environmental characteristics include lighting and visibility, road, traffic and glare, speed, gap size, target characteristics, and task. The driver variable examined is age. For each one of these independent measures, results from all relevant studies are described. In addition, the report includes a short summary of each paper reviewed. As supplemental material, the appendix includes illustrations of military night vision systems and informal reviews of two civilian night vision systems.

Night vision enhancement systems for ground vehicles: the human factors literature

This paper assesses Night Vision Enhancement systems as providing a potential means of enhancing visual detection at night.

H Lunenfeld

Papers

Human factors considerations in the development of an IVHS system - night vision enhancement