Energy is the basic requirement for the existence of human being in today’s digital world. Indigenous energy of Bangladesh (especially natural gas and diesel) is basically used in power generation and depleting hastily to meet the increasing power demand. Therefore, special emphasis has been given to produce alternative liquid fuel worldwide to overcome the crisis of diesel. Pongamia pinnata (karanja) may be an emerging option for providing biooil for biodiesel production. Although karanja biooil has been used as a source of traditional medicines in Bangladesh, it can also be used for rural illumination. This paper outlines the medical and energy aspects of Pongamia pinnata. It has been assessed that Bangladesh can utilize about 128.95 PJ through Pongamia cultivation in unused lands. The paper reviews the potentiality of Pongamia pinnata as a source of biodiesel and its benefits in Bangladesh. The paper also revives that, about 0.52 million tons of biodiesel can be produced only utilizing the unused lands per year in sustainable basis as it reduces CO2, CO, HC, and NOx emission compared to pure diesel.

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Prospect of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) in Bangladesh: A Sustainable Source of Liquid Fuel

Depletion of nonrenewable source of energy (fossil fuels like petroleum, coal and natural gas) many researchers are looking forward to find an alternative source of renewable energy. One such alternative to diesel fuel is biodiesel. Biodiesel can be defined as fuel comprising of mono alkyl ester of long chain of fatty acid derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. So, there is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environmental friendly. Environmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum resources have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (I.C.) engines. As an alternative, biodegradable, renewable and sulphur free biodiesel is receiving increasing attention. The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Therefore, in this study, the performance test of a variable compression diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures was carried out. Experiments are carried out by using dual biodiesel blends and compared it with diesel fuel characteristics. The literatures were focused on single biodiesel and its blends. So far a very few dual biodiesel blends of oils have been tried on diesel engine leaving a lot of scope in this area. This paper investigated the performance and emission characteristics of various dual biodiesel blends (mixture of biodiesel and diesel fuel) of Thumba biodiesel on a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine having bore diameter 87.50mm, developed power 3.5kw at 1500rpm, compression ratios 12 to 18, stroke length 110mm, water cooled engine. The biodiesel blends of B10% (combination of Diesel 90% by volume, biodiesel 10% by volume ) and B20% (combination of Diesel 80% by volume, biodiesel 20% by volume) gave better brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption than other biodiesel blends. The blends of B10% and B20% have superior emission characteristics than other blends and closer to diesel values. From the experimental results obtained, Thumba oil blends are found to be a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. At CR 18 BTE and BSFC of Thumba B10, B20 and BP of Thumba B40 showed better performance.CO, HC, CO2 of B100 of Thumba biodiesel showed less emission percentage/ppm, for NOx emission B10 and

Performance Analysis Of single Cylinder Diesel Engine, Using Diesel Blended with Thumba Oil

Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI- CI Engine with Shea Olein Biodiesel

In order to reduce the need of petroleum fuels, the prospect of finding the alternative fuel is a primary goal. This work deals with the cause of mustard oil as a possible alternative. The physical and chemical properties of mustard oil are investigated. Using the gas chromatography, the composition of mustard oil is checked. Transesterification process is used for converting the mustard oil into biodiesel. Biodiesel thus formed is converted into bio fuel by the addition of an oxygenated additive (methanol). The current experiment is performed by varying the compression ratio by 16, 17 and 18 using bio fuel which comprises of 80% of mustard oil biodiesel and 20% of methanol in the diesel engine. Emission aspects of bio fuel are investigated. From this experiment it is observed that, by increasing the compression ratio CO and smoke emissions were slightly reduced, whereas HC emission is significantly reduced. However, the emissions of NOx were found to be on higher side.

Analysis on Influence of Varying Compression Ratio in Biofuel

An exploratory analysis of biofuel under the utopian environment

In recent years, much research has been carried to find suitable alternative fuel to petroleum products. In the present investigation experimental work has been carried out to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition DI engine fuelled with the blends of mineral diesel and biodiesel at the different injection pressures. The optimal value of the injection pressure was observed as 200 bar in the range of 180 to 220 bar. The performance parameters evaluated were brake thermal efficiency, break specific fuel consumption and the emissions measured were carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The results of experimental investigation with biodiesel blends with diesel are compared with that of diesel. The results indicated that the CO emissions are slightly less, HC emissions were also observed to be less for B10 and B20, and NOx emissions decreased by 39 % for B10 and 28 % for B20 compared with B100. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine decreased around 6% for all blends in comparison with diesel, and the break specific fuel consumption was slightly more for B10 and B20.

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Performance and emissions of c.i. engine using blends of biodiesel and diesel at different injection pressures

Methods for reducing NOx and PM emissions in compression ignition engine: A review

Artificial Neural Network prediction model for MRR in WEDM of WC-Co

In this paper 16m2 paraboloidal dish is utilized to identify the thermal performance of the system for low and medium temperature applications, with the improved absorber material on the reflector dish surface. To identify thermal aspects, the experimental setup consists of paraboloidal reflector dish, receiver with 0.5m diameter, steam-water separator, electric calorimeter and condenser. The experimentation conducted during normal sunny days when the sky is clear with no clouds and radiation intensity above 550W/m2. The scheffler dish frame is made of mild steel and channel structure is of aluminium to withstand wind speed during the operating conditions. To fix the glass mirror on the support structure, an industrial adhesive and fasteners are used to ensure the perfect fixing of the mirror and after ensuring equinox position of the support structure. The glass is 100 mm X 100 mm in size for easy handling and fixing on the aluminium channel with the help of silicon paste. The glass was coated with 0.5mm thick aluminium reflector with reflectivity of 85%. The thermal efficiency obtained 56.38% when net incident beam radiation of 604W/m2. With the use of aluminium reflector on the surface of glass mirror, to enhances the performance of the system significantly. 

H. M. Dharmadhikari

Papers

Performance and emissions of c.i. engine using blends of biodiesel and diesel at different injection pressures

Methods for reducing NOx and PM emissions in compression ignition engine: A review

Artificial Neural Network prediction model for MRR in WEDM of WC-Co

Thermal performance evaluation of solar paraboloidal dish concentrator