(2000). On the Analytical Dimension of Proximity Dynamics. Regional Studies: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 169-180.

http://andre-torre.com/pdf/PDFpub31N1.pdf

On the Analytical Dimension of Proximity Dynamics

Environmental amenities, urban sprawl, and community characteristics

Spatial configurations in a periurban city. A cellular automata-based microeconomic model

This chapter discusses theoretical and applied research in urban economics on decentralized cities, i.e., cities in which employment is not restricted to the central business district. The first section discusses informally the incentives that firms face to suburbanize. The next section summarizes the theoretical literature on decentralized cities, including both models which solve for the optimal spatial pattern of employment and models in which the spatial pattern of employment is exogenously determined. In other sections, I discuss rent and wage gradients in decentralized cities and review the empirical literature testing whether, or not, wage gradients exist in urban areas. A section covers the question of whether people follow jobs or jobs follow people to the suburbs and the last section discusses the “wasteful” commuting controversy.

Chapter 36 Urban areas with decentralized employment: Theory and empirical work

Post-Fordist urban growth is characterised by ever-increasing dispersal and polycentricity. The transformation of urban spatial structure has profound implications for sustainable development. There is now a substantial literature both on confirming the existence of polycentricity through equilibrium and evolutionary theories and on empirical identification of subcentres. However, more research is needed to explore the generically polycentric urban growth. A microscopic simulation approach is thus applied to study how stable subcentres, measured in terms of population density, can be established. In this study, an experiment carried out in an artificial cellular city is reported. One innovative feature of this simulation is that the state of the cellular automaton comprises a quantity variable (population density) as well as a binary state variable (selected or not selected). The two are interlinked through the evolution of the city. The experiment suggests that the combined forces of accumulative populat...

An Experiment on the Generic Polycentricity of Urban Growth in a Cellular Automatic City

A one-dimensional model of nonmonocentric urban land use is extended into a two-dimensional space. Under the assumption of circular symmetry, it is shown that the equilibrium urban configurations in the two-dimensional space are essentially the same as those in the one-dimensional space except for the conditions on the parameters.

H Ogawa

Papers

Nonmonocentric Urban Configurations in a Two-Dimensional Space: