The composition of rapeseed meal and hulls is reviewed with emphasis on components of nutritional interest Carbohydrates in rapeseed meal are mainly pectins, pentosans and cellulose and comprise nearly one-half the gross energy The digestibility of energy is lower for rapeseed than for soybean meal Protein is well digested, but the protein digestion coefficient and the availability of amino acids are lower than for soybean meal Data on digestible and metabolizable energy are summarized The kinds of glucosinolates present in high (HG) and low (LG) glucosinolate rapeseed meal and the nature of their hydrolytic products are discussed The toxic effects of oxazolidinethione , isothiocyanates, thiocyanates and nitriles, and their relationship to their parent glucosinolates , to myrosinase action and to conditions during rapeseed processing are reviewed briefly The effects of glucosinolates in animal tissues and products and the effects of converting to LG rapeseed meal are presented Finally, a brief review is given of the responses of swine and cattle to the feeding of HG and LG rapeseed meal The nutritional advantages of LG rapeseed meal, over the older type HG meal, are clearly evident from the feeding trials

Nutrients and toxicants in rapeseed meal: a review.

Determination of amino acid profiles in biological samples by gas chromatography.

1. Six 45 kg pigs with re-entrant ileal cannulas were used in two 3 × 3 Latin-square design experiments to study the site of absorption of protein and amino acids. Semi-purified diets containing soya-bean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM) or no protein source (protein-free) were offered at the rate of 1 kg dry matter/d.2. Flow-rates of ileal contents for 24 h collection periods, corrected for recovery of marker, were 3135, 3127 and 1243 ml (SE 390) for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively.3. Amounts of dry matter digested in the small intestine were 730, 669 and 809 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001).4. Nitrogen intakes were 32·6, 29·9 and 5·9 g/d, and amounts digested in the small intestine were 25·7, 20·2 and 1·6 g/d for SBM, RSM and protein-free diets respectively, all values being significantly different (P < 0·001). Amounts digested in the large intestine were 2·6, 3·7 and 0·7 g/d.5. Total amino acid intakes and amounts collected at the ileum and in the faeces were (g/d): SBM, 177, 24 and 18; RSM, 149, 28 and 22; protein-free 3, 9 and 12. Digestibility in the small intestine was higher for SBM than RSM for seventeen of the eighteen amino acids estimated. Greater quantities of arginine, methionine, cystine and tyrosine were voided in the faeces than passed through the ileal cannulas for pigs receiving the SBM and RSM diets. For those receiving the protein-free diet this was true for each amino acid except proline.6. Significant differences were found between all diets in the concentration of some amino acids in ileal and faecal amino-N, and endogenous protein secretions did not mask the differences between diets.7. Differences in digestibility between SBM and RSM were greater at the ileum than in the faeces. Amino acid fermentation in the large intestine obscured or reduced differences between SBM and RSM.

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Digestion of protein in small and large intestine of the pig.

Grain legumes are widely recognized as staple sources of dietary protein worldwide. Lentil seeds are an excellent source of plant-based proteins and represent a viable alternative to animal and soybean proteins for food processing formulations. Lentil proteins provide not only dietary amino acids but are also a source of bioactive peptides that provide health benefits. This review focuses on the current knowledge of seed protein, extraction and isolation methods, bioactive peptides, and food applications of lentil protein. Lentil is the most rapidly expanding crop for direct human consumption, and has potential for greater impact as a protein source for food processing applications. Improvements in lentil protein quality, amino acid composition, and processing fractions will enhance the nutritional quality of this rapidly expanding crop globally.

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Seed Protein of Lentils: Current Status, Progress, and Food Applications

(1978). Utilization of Fish and Animal Byproducts in Mink Nutrition. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 105-129.

Utilization of Fish and Animal Byproducts in Mink Nutrition

Semi-purified diets containing either soybean or rapeseed meal were fed to four barrow pigs of 60-kg liveweight in balance study cages. Comparison of feed intake and feces and urine output showed that the apparent digestibilities and biological values of the soybean meal-containing diet were 87.8 and 84.0%, respectively; the corresponding values for the rapeseed meal-containing diet were 78.4 and 78.9%. Samples of feed and feces were hydrolyzed and the n-propyl N-acetyl esters of the amino acids were prepared and separated by gas-liquid chromatography. Apparent digestibilities of the amino acids in the two protein sources were calculated; for soybean meal the values ranged between 85 and 92%, with the exception of methionine, for which the value was only 79%; the value for lysine was 90%. The corresponding values for rapeseed meal were 74 and 86%, with values of 87% for both methionine and lysine. An attempt to use polyethylene glycol as a digestion indicator failed, because rapeseed meal appeared to cont...

H. S. Bayley

Papers

Evaluations of rapeseed and soybean meals as protein sources for swine: apparent digestibilities of amino acids