Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture: What Role for Food Security in Bangladesh?

https://www.pep-net.org/sites/pep-net.org/files/typo3doc/pdf/recommended_readings/WD_vol28_no7.pdf

Modeling the effects of trade on women, at work and at home.

Many civil society organizations and advocacy groups consider international human rights norms to offer a more promising avenue for protecting migrant workers from precarious employment than do claims based upon citizenship and the nation state However, there is little research on how international right instruments specifically designed to protect migrant workers’ rights address the factors that make migrant workers’ employment precarious The paper provides a taxonomy that maps the link between migrant status and precarious employment, which it uses to explore the nexus between precarious migrant status and precarious employment in the three “low-skill” streams – the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, the Live-in-Caregiver Program, and the Pilot Project for Occupations Requiring Lower Levels of Formal Training (NOC C and D) – in the Canadian Temporary Foreign Worker Program After demonstrating the relationship between precarious migrant workers and precarious employment, the paper evaluates the capacity of international human rights instruments specifically designed for migrant workers to the address the problem of precarious employment It finds that the main problem with relying on the international migrant workers’ rights instruments is that they defer to the principle of state sovereignty over immigration policy and accept the right of states to impose restrictions on non-national’s employment rights in exchange for the privilege to enter host state territory What these instruments do is limit the duration of employment restrictions to two years The problem is that allowing states to tie a migrant worker’s work authorization to a specific employer for two years permits state-sanctioned subordination of migrant workers to employers and creates a situation ripe for abuse To break the link between precarious migrant status and precarious employment it is crucial for nation states to develop forms of restrictions on migrant workers mobility, such as sectoral and occupational work authorizations, that are less likely to be as exploitative as authorizations that tie migrant workers to specific employers

The Precarious Migrant Status and Precarious Employment: The Paradox of International Rights for Migrant Workers

Gender and Education for All: Progress and problems in achieving gender equity

The authors propose a broad analytic framework for understanding the relationships between globalization, gender and work. They argue that the way researchers, government officials and development practitioners think about globalization's effects on the gendered division of labor is the basis upon which to develop effective strategies to reduce gender inequalities. The authors outline the major trends of the recent period of globalization and their effects on the gendered division of labor, including more macro- effects of trade, production and finance on women's roles. They investigate micro-impacts through four growing gendered production networks: export production, sex work, domestic service and microfinance income generation. They also examine the role of governments and find that, to satisfy demands of international institutions and address some citizens' needs, many governments have been pushed into fostering these types of work. The authors argue that these gendered global production networks have grown substantially as a result of globalization processes and that there are systemic linkages between the global expansion of production, trade and finance and the increase of women in these networks. This broader understanding of the forces that shape women's lives is necessary to develop strategies that counter globalization's adverse impacts.

Recasting Our Understanding of Gender and Work During Global Restructuring

Women are everyday targets of discrimination, exploitation, and violence in Bangladesh. This article deals with various forms of violence and their shared links and common roots in the sociopolitical and ideological relations between men and women in Bangladesh society. It raises the issues inherent in considering the complexity of violence and presents cases of resistance against violence. The significant role of women’s groups and other nongovernment organizations in bringing about the kinds of qualitative change necessary to establish rights for women in Bangladesh is highlighted.

Violence against women in bangladesh: Issues and responses

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Globalization, Neo-Liberal Globalism, and Migration Chapter 3 Canadian Immigration in an Era of Neo-Liberalism: Trends and Impacts Chapter 4 The Canadian State and Immigrant Labor: Intersections of Gender, Class, and Race Chapter 5 Commodification of Laborers: "Defamilializing" the Privileged and "Refeudalizing" the Im / Migrants Chapter 6 Decommodification and Immigrant Women: Access to Social Benefits and Services Chapter 7 Recommodification of Labor: Results of Re-Skilling Chapter 8 Immigrant Women as Agents of Change: The Role of Networks and Associations Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusions

Breaking the Iron Wall: Decommodification and Immigrant Women's Labor in Canada

PIP: Tarapur is a village in the district of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, covering an area of 821.05 acres. 342 households with a total population of 1981 were identified in the village by the 1985 census. The author investigated the use of time during 1984 and 1985 in busy, intermediate, and slack seasons among the village population to examine the variation in time use by gender and social class. Activity patterns were found to vary from one season to another, and also across social classes. The study highlights the need to refine some of the conceptual and methodological issues in the collection of data on women and work. The study also presents useful data on home-based production and market-oriented work. It could be useful to adopt an anthropological approach in order to understand the allocation of time by men and women from the perspective of household production and the local economy and culture. Study findings focus upon the following policy issues: the need for a better understanding and recognition of the significant role of women in field agriculture and postharvest processing, creation of further nontraditional employment and business opportunities for poor women in rural areas, and consciousness-raising and the challenge of cultural barriers affecting women. Rural women, especially those in need of employment and involved in market-oriented production, should be the target of mainstream development activities in future planning.

Patterns of activity and use of time in rural Bangladesh: class, gender, and seasonal variations.

Profiling the Problem - Rekha Wazir Educational Status of Girls and Women - Ratna M Sudarshan The Emerging Scenario Girls' Access to Schooling - Malavika Karlekar An Assessment Literacy, Development and Empowerment - Vimala Ramachandran Conceptual Issues Child Labour and Education - Shantha Sinha Identity, Exclusion and the Education of Tribal Communities - Geetha B Nambissan Building Partnerships and Collaborations for Education - Atreyee Cordeiro Making a Difference - Rekha Wazir NGO Strategies Revisited

The Gender Gap in Basic Education: NGOs as Change Agents

During the era of globalization, while international capital and world market factories are shaping the course of industrialization and “development” in many countries, it remains to be seen how fa...

Habiba Zaman

Papers

Violence against women in bangladesh: Issues and responses

Breaking the Iron Wall: Decommodification and Immigrant Women's Labor in Canada

Patterns of activity and use of time in rural Bangladesh: class, gender, and seasonal variations.

The Gender Gap in Basic Education: NGOs as Change Agents

Paid work and socio-political consciousness of garment workers in Bangladesh