Based on a 14 year working experience with the emergency organization Doctors Without Borders, this thesis seeks to unveil a side of contemporary globalization by exploring numerous fields of humanitarian intervention in Central Africa, as well as as in its headquarters in Geneva. Beginning with the hypothesis that humanitarian assistance is a place of predilection to grasp an essential aspect of globalization, the thesis questions the legitimacy of international humanitarian interventions by showing that, within other things, the same logic of intervention is increasingly imposing itself at the international level, with the consequence of relativising, even of ignoring all forms of local conditions. In return, this logic tends to institute an unequal order between victims and emergency workers, leaving little place to the voices, demands and choices of the aided populations, which further enlightens us on questions of sovereignty at the heart of contemporary globalization. The research unfolds at the confluence of these questions. First, the thesis is anchored in an ethnographic description which makes the inegalitarian paradigm appear between local populations and the emergency workers as it concretely unfolds in the humanitarian missions, to afterwards question the ambiguity of emergency as ideology in long term assistance projects. When we look at the reality from the grounds and from the aided populations, it becomes difficult to separate "humanitarian aid" from "development", emergency assistance from global politico-economic inequalities, the role of local governments in the miseries of their people from the economic foreign exploitation of the country. The thesis hence unveils the ideological and practical ambiguity of emergency humanitarian aid in order to begin a theoretical reflection on the undersides of contemporary emergency humanitarian aid and its place within globalization. Second, we go deeper into the theoretical critique of humanitarian aid by leaning on the critiques of colonialism and of development, to afterwards question the place of

Entrer en état d’urgence à l’ère du capitalisme globalisé : retour critique sur quatorze ans avec Médecins Sans Frontières

Ce memoire se consacre a l'etude de subversion du formalisme dans le champ de la sculpture abstraite americaine de la seconde moitie du XXe siecle, de l'art minimal, puis post-minimal, au land art. Il cherche a eclairer la charge logocentrique que ce modele epistemologique contient de par certains de ses implicites metaphysiques. L'enjeu est d'etudier les moyens qui ont ete mis en oeuvre par certains artistes pour s'en emanciper, en proposant d'un point de vue methodologique un dialogue entre la critique artistique « anti form » et celle, dans le champ semiotique et philosophique, de la deconstruction (ou post-structuralisme), notamment telle qu'elle se deploie chez Jacques Derrida et Gilles Deleuze, en lieu avec nos questionnements proprement esthetiques.

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02360216/document

Abstraction américaine et logocentrisme esthétique : le formalisme à l'épreuve de la déconstruction

Bottled water, from enchantment to grave.  The water bottle is one of those objects that have become an essential part of our daily lives. Our focus was on the combination of the two materials : the resource and its plastic envelope. Both have a body, cognitive and emotional language that we present. Water is first and foremost the subjetc of messages and images that individuals appropriate in an intimate and collective way. It is a matter of reverie and incorporation. The plastic bottle makes it possible to contain, in a practical form, a word of meanings widely used by brands. However, despite the use of a technology that claims to be environmentaly friendly, plastic is a problem: it spreads out before our eyes to give way to new imagination, that of welding and pollution and pollution, which invite us to think about the programmed end of plastic.

L’eau embouteillée. De l’enchantement à la tombe

On the basis of a survey carried out in Marseille involving 42 people, the aim of the present article is to show that community gardens are today real landscaping projects, that is projects aimed at the ‘landscaping’ of a site. After describing the dynamic that they trigger in the low-income neighbourhoods of the city, it decrypts the project process which these cultivated areas give rise to. This highlights the various participants among the planning body (local authority agencies, housing associations), the support teams for the planning body and for community organisation contractors, the project c, who increasingly are landscape architects, and the user groups which have been slow to make their mark in a systematic way. A further aim of this article is to distinguish the different logical bases governing the management of community garden landscaping projects. On the one hand, it describes a logic based on the ‘virtues’ (vertus) of the kitchen garden, in which community gardens are conceived as multifunctional tools destined to do good. On the other hand, it analyses a logic based on the ‘values’ (valeurs) of the garden, in which the community garden embodies good, given physical form in a place. It then examines the impact of these differences of conception on the realisation of projects and in particular on the degree of involvement of the local residents at the community garden worksite. It concludes with the relative failure resulting from these distinct visions by considering that the process of ‘landscaping’ which gives rise to community gardens continues beyond the potential cessation of cultivation.

The Kitchen Garden of Virtues or The Garden of Values: The Community Garden as Landscaping Project

Resume Ce travail part de l’observation phenomenologique du caractere complexe et versatile de l’experience consciente, a chaque instant. Cette flexibilite (ou versatilite) de l’experience consciente a amene les psychologues et les philosophes a penser celle-ci comme un flux et non comme un etat. Dans ce travail, un questionnaire d’evaluation de la fluidite de la conscience (EQFC), comprenant 17 items, a ete cree en utilisant des entretiens phenomenologiques experientiels en groupe. ll a ete ensuite evalue : a) dans une population de sujets sains ; b) chez des doctorants a la suite d’un stage d’explicitation de l’experience consciente (methode introspective) ; et c) chez quelques patients a l’issue d’hypnotherapie. La validation interne (symetrie, aplatissement, coefficient alpha de Cronbach) est tres satisfaisante. Il a ete possible de mettre en evidence quatre dimensions dans ce test : disponibilite a soi et a l’environnement, « lâcher prise » proprement dit, relative passivite face au monde, et acceptation du changement. Par ailleurs, il a ete compare au test FFMQ (Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire) avec lequel il est partiellement correle. Les resultats montrent que la flexibilite de la conscience n’est pas egale chez tous les sujets et que l’hypnotherapie et les methodes introspectives augmentent la fluidite de la conscience, telle que mesuree par le test EQFC.

Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : « Lâcher prise » et fluidité de la conscience. Mise au point d’un questionnaire d’évaluation, d’inspiration phénoménologique

Hadrien France-Lanord

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