Showing papers by "Hamid Yimam Hassen published in 2023"
Peer Review•
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures is presented. But the authors focus on the effects of interventions on reducing the daily energy intake (MJ/d).
Abstract: Objective: We aimed to synthesise available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane registry for studies reported between January 2000 and June 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for each study type. For some of the outcomes, we pooled the effect size using a random-effects meta-analysis. Participants: A total of fifty-one studies, thirty-three randomised and eighteen non-randomised, involving 100 746 participants were included. Results: Overall, thirty-seven studies found a statistically significant difference in at least one dietary outcome measure favouring the intervention group, whereas fourteen studies found no statistically significant difference. Our meta-analyses indicated that, compared with controls, interventions were effective in decreasing daily energy intake (MJ/d) (mean difference (MD): – 0·25; 95 % CI: – 0·37, – 0·14), fat % of energy (MD: – 1·01; 95 % CI: – 1·76, – 0·25) and saturated fat % of energy (MD: – 1·54; 95 % CI: – 2·01, – 1·07). Furthermore, the interventions were effective in improving fibre intake (g/d) (MD: 1·08; 95 % CI: 0·39, 1·77). Effective interventions use various strategies including tailored individual lifestyle coaching, health education, health promotion activities, community engagement activities and/or structural changes. Conclusion: This review shows the potential of improving dietary patterns through community-based CVD preventive interventions. Thus, development and implementation of context-specific preventive interventions could help to minimise dietary risk factors, which in turn decrease morbidity and mortality due to CVD and other non-communicable diseases.
TL;DR: In this article , a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures, including energy intake, fiber intake, and saturated fat % of energy.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE
We aimed to synthesize available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane registry for studies reported between January 2000 and June 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for each study type. For some of the outcomes, we pooled the effect size using a random-effects meta-analysis.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 51 studies, 33 randomized and 18 non-randomized, involving 100 746 participants were included.
RESULTS
Overall, 37 studies found a statistically significant difference in at least one dietary outcome measure favoring the intervention group, whereas 14 studies found no statistically significant difference. Our meta-analyses indicated that, compared to controls, interventions were effective in decreasing daily energy intake (MJ/day) (MD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.14), fat % of energy (MD: -1.01; 95% CI: -1.76, -0.25), and saturated fat % of energy (MD: -1.54; 95% CI: -2.01, -1.07). Furthermore, the interventions were effective in improving fiber intake (g/day) (MD: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.77). Effective interventions use various strategies including tailored individual lifestyle coaching, health education, health promotion activities, community engagement activities and/or structural changes.
CONCLUSION
This review shows the potential of improving dietary patterns through community-based CVD preventive interventions. Thus, development and implementation of context-specific preventive interventions could help to minimize dietary risk factors, which in turn decrease morbidity and mortality due to CVDs and other non-communicable diseases.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures, such as daily energy intake (MJ/d), fat % of energy (MD: -1·01; 95 % CI: −1·76, -0·25), and saturated fat percentage of energy.
Abstract: We aimed to synthesise available evidence on the effects of community-based interventions in improving various dietary outcome measures.Systematic review and meta-analysis.We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane registry for studies reported between January 2000 and June 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for each study type. For some of the outcomes, we pooled the effect size using a random-effects meta-analysis.A total of fifty-one studies, thirty-three randomised and eighteen non-randomised, involving 100 746 participants were included.Overall, thirty-seven studies found a statistically significant difference in at least one dietary outcome measure favouring the intervention group, whereas fourteen studies found no statistically significant difference. Our meta-analyses indicated that, compared with controls, interventions were effective in decreasing daily energy intake (MJ/d) (mean difference (MD): -0·25; 95 % CI: -0·37, -0·14), fat % of energy (MD: -1·01; 95 % CI: -1·76, -0·25) and saturated fat % of energy (MD: -1·54; 95 % CI: -2·01, -1·07). Furthermore, the interventions were effective in improving fibre intake (g/d) (MD: 1·08; 95 % CI: 0·39, 1·77). Effective interventions use various strategies including tailored individual lifestyle coaching, health education, health promotion activities, community engagement activities and/or structural changes.This review shows the potential of improving dietary patterns through community-based CVD preventive interventions. Thus, development and implementation of context-specific preventive interventions could help to minimise dietary risk factors, which in turn decrease morbidity and mortality due to CVD and other non-communicable diseases.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide evidence of validity, reliability and generalisability of results obtained using the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire with a sample of the English population surveyed within the ‘SPICES Horizon 2020 Project (Nottingham study site), and specifically evaluate the psychometric and factor properties of an as-yet untested five-item subscale relating to smoking behaviours.
Abstract: Objectives To provide evidence of validity, reliability and generalisability of results obtained using the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire with a sample of the English population surveyed within the ‘SPICES’ Horizon 2020 Project (Nottingham study site), and to specifically evaluate the psychometric and factor properties of an as-yet untested five-item subscale relating to smoking behaviours. Design and setting Community and workplace-based cross-sectional study in Nottingham, UK. Participants 466 English adults fitting inclusion criteria (aged 18+ years, without known history of cardiovascular disease, not pregnant, able to provide informed consent) participated in the study. Intervention We revalidated the ABCD Questionnaire on a sample of the general population in Nottingham to confirm the psychometric properties. Furthermore, we introduced five items related to smoking, which were dropped in the original study due to inadequate valid samples. Primary and secondary outcome measures Psychometric and factor performance of untested five-item ‘smoking behaviours’ subscale. Psychometric and factorial properties in combination with the remaining 18 items across 3 subscales. Results Analyses of the data largely confirmed the validity, reliability and factor structure of the original ABCD Risk Questionnaire. Sufficient participants in our study provided data against additional five smoking-related items to confirm their validity as a subscale and to advocate for their inclusion in future applications of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis calculations support some minor changes to the remaining subscales, which may further improve psychometric performance and therefore generalisability of the instrument. Conclusions An amended version of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire would provide public health researchers and practitioners with a brief, easy-to-use, reliable and valid survey tool. The amended tool may assist public health practitioners and researchers to survey patient or public intentions and beliefs around three key areas of individually modifiable risk (physical activity, diet, smoking). Trial registration number ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN68334579).
TL;DR: In this article , the authors identified the best anthropometric indices for predicting metabolic syndrome in US adolescents, including waist circumference z score, body roundness index, body mass index, and A Body Shape Index.