Showing papers by "Hamish N. Munro published in 1989"
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The challenges of research into Nutrition and Aging: Introduction to a Multifaceted Problem are presented.
Abstract: 1 The Challenges of Research into Nutrition and Aging: Introduction to a Multifaceted Problem.- I * Nutrition and Age-Related Changes in Body Function.- 2 Nutrition and Aging in Animal Models.- 3 Aging and the Digestive System.- 4 Nutrition and Immune Function in the Elderly.- 5 Exercise and Nutrition in the Elderly.- II * Nutrient Needs of the Elderly.- 6 Energy Needs of the Elderly: A New Approach.- 7 Protein Nutriture and Requirements of the Elderly.- 8 Calcium Nutrition and Its Relationship to Bone Health.- 9 Trace Elements in the Elderly: Metabolism, Requirements, and Recommendations for Intakes.- 10 Vitamin Nutriture and Requirements of the Elderly.- 11 Role of Fiber in the Diet of the Elderly.- III * Other Aspects of the Nutrient Status of the Elderly.- 12 Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of the Elderly.- 13 Anthropometric Approaches to the Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly.- 14 Drug-Nutrient Interactions in the Elderly.
57 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The role of nutrition in the process of aging has been receiving progressively more attention in recent years, reflecting the increasing numbers of old people in the population and the disproportionate demands they make on health care services.
Abstract: The role of nutrition in the process of aging has been receiving progressively more attention in recent years, reflecting the increasing numbers of old people in the population and the disproportionate demands they make on health care (Rowe, 1985). The proportion of people over 65 years of age varies from less than 5% in some underdeveloped areas of the world to over 16% in many parts of Western Europe. In the United States the proportion of elderly people has increased from 4% in 1900 to 11% in 1978 and is projected to be close to 14% by the end of the century (Brody and Brock, 1985). The impact of this on health care services can be appreciated from estimates made in Massachusetts (Katz et al., 1983) of the number of years after 65 that remain for independent living followed by the number of years of assisted living, the latter category meaning the need for help in rising from bed, bathing, dressing, or eating (Table I). Thus, for men aged 65–69 years, these periods average 9.3 years of independent living followed by 3.8 years of dependence; for women of 65–69 years, the projected periods are 10.6 and 8.9 years, respectively. The end of the period of independent living is presumably determined by degenerative changes in nervous system function, and the much longer survival of women in an assisted state probably represents the slower development of cardiovascular disease in the female because of the years of estrogen protection.
11 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Protein requirements of populations have been estimated for more than a century and several subsequent investigators publishing just before World War I concluded that 30 to 50 g protein daily was not only adequate to maintain nitrogen balance but even improved the general health and vigor of young adults.
Abstract: Protein requirements of populations have been estimated for more than a century (see Munro, 1964a, 1985, for the historical references in the paragraph). In 1853 and again in 1865, Playfair reported the protein intakes of different classes of the population of Britain and concluded that the requirements of adults ranged from 57 g protein per day in the case of a subsistence diet to 184 g for laborers doing heavy work. Later in the same century, Voit and Atwater both supported generous allowances of protein for the average working man, but several subsequent investigators publishing just before World War I concluded that 30 to 50 g protein daily was not only adequate to maintain nitrogen balance but even improved the general health and vigor of young adults. Following the first global war, the League of Nations was formed, and in 1936 a health committee reported that the safe protein intake for adults was 1 g per kilogram body weight and that some of the protein should come from animal sources.
9 citations