語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application 簡評

It is increasingly interesting that one of the new focuses of translation studies is the translatability of the short posts on social media. Research in translating social media posts has recently received a greater attention among translation studies specialists. This paper looks firstly at Twitter as a growing social media networking and its language and, secondly, shedding some light on translation strategies used in translating English tweets into Arabic. Posts on Twitter, ‘tweets,’ by well-known figures are followed, translated, and reposted in other languages every day. Strategies used by Arab translators vary depending on the importance of the tweet as well as the ideology of the translator and the institutions they work for. This paper, therefore, investigates the translation strategies adopted by the Arab online news agencies, mentioned later, on their web pages in translating some tweets posted by the American President, Donald Trump in his first month of presidency. The analysis draws on Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1958/1995) model and Nida’s (1964) translation strategies.

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An Analytical Study of the Strategies Used in Translating Trump's Tweets into Arabic

Third Ways and New Centres Ideological Unity Or Difference

The research aims to describe the types of linguistic tools for honorary excretion by presidential candidates in Indonesian newspaper news texts. The research method uses a qualitative approach. The data is in the form of direct sentence except from news texts that contain honorific expressions. Sources of data in the form of text national news about the presidential election campaign in the media Kompas, Media Indonesia, Republika, Sinar Harapan, and Sound Pembaharuan, published between January-March 2019. The collecting data is done by recording, clicking classify the linguistic tools used by taking fragments of sentence quotes. Data processing is done by identifying, sorting, verifying, interpretation of data, and concluded. The results of the study can be concluded that the types of linguistic tools for honorific expression in the speech of presidential candidates in Indonesian newspaper news texts include 13 types, namely: (a) self-name reference and self-name greeting, (b) self-name reference and self-name greeting as well, (c) greetings of kinship, (d) greetings of personal pronouns, (e) personal pronouns, (f) greetings of social position (social deixis), (g) position references/ranks / professions / social positions, (h) fatis, ( i) passive speech forms in-, (j) expressive modalities, (k) self-defeats, (l) euphemisms, and (m) relational modalities. The limitation of this research is that it still needs to be revealed the factors that influence honorifics, strategies that bring up honorifics, aspects of positive faces and negative faces. The study only focused on the type of use of honorific expressions

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The Uses of Honorifics by President Candidate in The Campaign News Text on National Newspapers

This paper aims to investigate the translation of address terms between Arabic and English. Those terms belong to different systems in both languages. Certain characteristics of an address term in one culture tend to be lost when translated into another. Therefore, politeness theory will be used in order to find out whether the politeness intended by using an address term is transferred into the target language or not. For this study, a number of address terms are selected from a novel, Madiq Alley . Those terms are delivered to a number of subjects in a questionnaire. The analysis points out the use of such systems and how each system applies different politeness strategies to show respect and deference. The findings indicate that some patterns of face-work are lost in the translation process and that the relational terms of address are more challenging to translate than the absolute ones. Keywords: Politeness, Terms of Address, Translation, Face, Relational, Absolute

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Using Address Terms in showing Politeness with Reference to Their Translation from Arabic into English

The area of news translation is recently gaining increasing interest in Translation Studies. Research in this area has also begun to receive greater attention, although it remains less frequent in relation to Arabic translation. The intricacies of translating news lie in the fact that they are ideologically-loaded. This paper seeks to investigate the impact of ideology in mediating news headlines from English into Arabic. This study draws on Hatim and Mason’s (1997) distinction of the impingement of ideology on translation to meet a set of beliefs and systems of a particular media institution. For this study, 32 news headlines produced by Reuters covering Egypt’s post Arab Spring uprising were examined. Of these, 22 of them were mediated by Al-Arabiya and 10 by Aljazeera on their Arabic webpages, and these were examined to see the degree of ideology mediation. The paper also investigates the nature of news translation, and asks whether this complex process is adequately and clearly defined within the field of Translation Studies. It has been shown that the news headlines have been ideologically mediated in a way that completely different from the original texts and conform to the news organizations’ political/ideological leanings. This resulted in reformulating a different Arabic version from the original.

Mediating Ideology in News Headlines: A Case Study of Post-Revolution Egypt

The thematic and information structure of scientific and technical texts are arguably different among languages. This study examines the thematic structure of scientific texts in English and Arabic to see the differences in the hierarchical organization at different thematic levels. It adopts Halliday’s functional model of theme-rheme and applies it to English and Arabic scientific texts. The paper mainly investigates the three levels of theme: textual, interpersonal and experiential with the intention of discussing their translations into Arabic. It uses a corpus data of two scientific texts. The syntactic and textual elements of those texts were compared and contrasted and professional translations were provided to study the Arabic thematic structure. The data provides English and Arabic versions which allow for a comparable analysis of structure, convention and style. The study reveals that the most frequent type of themes and thematic progression is the experiential theme. It shows that those experiential themes are almost always occupying initial positions. The structure of themes has the tendency to be reproduced in the translation. However, the findings of this investigation indicate that position of themes may change as a result of translation, or changed from experiential into textual.

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Thematic Analysis in Translating English and Arabic Scientific Texts

One news event may be represented differently by different news organizations. Research in news representation remains sparse in Arabic. This article investigates some of the linguistic and textual devices used in journalistic texts. It looks at the way these devices are used to influence public opinion. This gives rise to significance of conducting this research. This study uses these devices within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). For the purpose of this study, four news articles produced by Aljazeera and Al-Arabiya were examined under CDA in order to show how journalists structure their news stories to imply an ideological stance. The analysis showed that Aljazeera and Al-Arabiya represented the people and the police differently, each according to their ideological and political leanings. This resulted in the public having different opinions of the event.

The People or the Police: Who to Blame? A Study Investigating Linguistic and Textual Devices Journalists Use in Framing News Stories

This study explores the textual alterations of Arabic news structure and how it has been influenced by news texts produced in English. The paper precisely examines sentence, paragraph and text structures in terms of form and content in relation to news translation. It analyses news articles collated from Aljazeera and Al-Arabiya news networks. The collated corpus is translations from English into Arabic by these two media outlets. The analysis showed considerable changes that the form of Arabic textual structures has incurred, especially in the general layout of texts. Although it confirm Hatim’s (1997) text-type categorisation with regard to argumentation in Arabic news texts that Arabic lacks argumentative elements it news content, it exhibited significant shift in internal cohesion, paragraph transitions, and syntactic patterns. These changes could emanate from many other influencing factors, but translation is definitely one.

https://www.journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJCLTS/article/viewFile/5671/4091

Hamza Ethelb

Papers

Using Address Terms in showing Politeness with Reference to Their Translation from Arabic into English

Mediating Ideology in News Headlines: A Case Study of Post-Revolution Egypt

Thematic Analysis in Translating English and Arabic Scientific Texts

The People or the Police: Who to Blame? A Study Investigating Linguistic and Textual Devices Journalists Use in Framing News Stories

Changing the Structure of Paragraphs and Texts in Arabic: A Case from News Reporting