Water supply from underground through pumps is playing important role in human's life. Renewable energy sources based water pumping systems can help to reduce demand on utility grid as well as can also provide continuous water supply to consumers by designing proper sizing of hybrid system. The photovoltaic (PV) and wind are mostly available renewable energy sources in the world. However, the integration of PV and wind cannot provide reliable supply since both are depending on nature and even there is no solar irradiance during night time or cloudy time. Hence, integration of batteries can make system more reliable and also can maintain stable power supply to an electrical motor for driving water pump. There is an enough space to install PV and wind systems on apartments as well as on overhead water tanks available in many rural or some places in urban cities. In such places, installing a PV, wind, and battery operated water pumping system can give many advantages. However, proper energy management coordination system is required among PV, wind, battery, motor, and pump for an effective operation. The centralized energy management system is designed in this paper to make a proper coordination among all the components involved in this system. In order to minimize losses, Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) generator is considered for generating electrical power through wind turbine and PMDC motor is used to drive the pump. Individual maximum power point tracker (MPPT) converters are connected to PV and wind to enhance maximum utilization. These two MPPT converters are connected to common dc-link. The battery is incorporated to dc-link through bidirectional dc-dc converter. The bidirectional dc-dc converter can maintain constant dc-link voltage to operate PMDC motor at its maximum efficiency level. Extensive results are presented based on Hardware-in-Loop provided by OPAL-RT units. 

Novel Control Scheme for PV-Wind-Battery based Water Pumping System Driven by PMDC Motor

. This study investigates and filters harmonics currents generated by a hybrid system with a storage system (photovoltaic-wind-battery) for Household Applications. In this paper, we prefer to use passive filtering to mitigate the harmonic’s currents especially the passive tuned filter (single and multiple). This method is the most used because it's cheap and effective. The hybrid system studied is used for power supply household applications. This modern system can improve efficiency, reliability, and security while reducing operating costs and offering flexibility. For better working for our system, we use two commands called maximum power point tracking command (MPPT); one for photovoltaic panels, and the second for the wind system, the pulse width modulation control (PWM) for the inverter, and for the control the battery we apply a DC/DC buck-boost. The simulation results obtained with filtering show the improvement of current waveforms and acceptable values of total harmonic distortion (THD).

Investigation and Filtering of Harmonic Currents in Hybrids Renewable Energy System

The internet of medical things (IoMT) is used for the acquisition, processing, transmission, and storage of medical data of patients. The medical information of each patient can be monitored by hospitals, family members, or medical centers, providing real-time data on the health condition of patients. However, the IoMT requires monitoring healthcare devices with features such as being lightweight, having a long lifetime, wearability, flexibility, safe behavior, and a stable electrical performance. For the continuous monitoring of the medical signals of patients, these devices need energy sources with a long lifetime and stable response. For this challenge, conventional batteries have disadvantages due to their limited-service time, considerable weight, and toxic materials. A replacement alternative to conventional batteries can be achieved for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators. These nanogenerators can convert green energy from various environmental sources (e.g., biomechanical energy, wind, and mechanical vibrations) into electrical energy. Generally, these nanogenerators have simple transduction mechanisms, uncomplicated manufacturing processes, are lightweight, have a long lifetime, and provide high output electrical performance. Thus, the piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators could power future medical devices that monitor and process vital signs of patients. Herein, we review the working principle, materials, fabrication processes, and signal processing components of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators with potential medical applications. In addition, we discuss the main components and output electrical performance of various nanogenerators applied to the medical sector. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the design, materials and fabrication process, signal processing, and reliability of nanogenerators are included.

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Triboelectric and Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Healthcare Monitoring Devices: Operating Principles, Challenges, and Perspectives

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną. 

Stand-alone Hybrid System for Extracting Maximum Power and Constant Voltage under Load Variation

A standalone wind driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) enhanced with storage battery bank and DC dump load is proposed in the current publication. This scheme is aimed to extract the maximum power and provides fixed DC bus voltage under different atmospheric and loading conditions. The system feeds a DC- motor driving a water pump, and additional AC- loads are supplied. To accomplish the functions required from the proposed system, and to maintain the DC bus voltage fixed, a maximum power point tracker and a number of different controller types are utilized, irrespective of the wind speed, loading condition and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery bank. The designed power management strategy is implemented to achieve proper operation of the system components towards full utilization. The proposed scheme is validated through simulation results under different operating conditions.

Modeling and Simulation of Standalone WECS-PMSG for Water Pumping System

Implantable devices have successfully proven their reliability and efficiency in the medical field due to their immense support in a variety of aspects concerning the monitoring of patients and treatment in many ways. Moreover, they assist the medical field in disease diagnosis and prevention. However, the devices' power sources rely on batteries, and with this reliance, comes certain complications. For example, their depletion may lead to surgical interference or leakage into the human body. Implicit studies have found ways to reduce the battery size or in some cases to eliminate its use entirely; these studies suggest the use of biocompatible harvesters that can support the device consumption by generating power. Harvesting mechanisms can be executed using a variety of biocompatible materials, namely, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, biofuel cells, and environmental sources. As with all methods for implementing biocompatible harvesters, some of them are low in terms of power consumption and some are dependent on the device and the place of implantation. In this review, we discuss the application of harvesters into implantable devices and evaluate the different materials and methods and examine how new and improved circuits will help in assisting the generators to sustain the function of medical devices.

/pdf/autocharging-techniques-for-implantable-medical-applications-1cwz1147ps.pdf

Autocharging Techniques for Implantable Medical Applications.

This paper explores the use of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) instead of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) to evaluate dynamic response of the synchronous inverter (synchronverter). The paper presents a comprehensive comparison between the SVPWM and SPWM for the dynamic response of synchronverter. This comparison aspects contain: the grid frequency, the active and reactive power, line current and its THD and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) in case of using both modulation techniques. Despite the complexity of using SVPWM, it has several advantages over SPWM. With the increased penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems, the system inertia is reduced, and the frequency deviations becomes greater and faster. The results of this paper show that SVPWM contributes to reducing the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) which enhances the system inertia. The results show a more stable behavior of SVPWM than the SPWM. Moreover, SVPWM reduces the total harmonics distortion (THD) of the current by 7% as compared to SPWM. Furthermore, the use of SVPWM reduces the complexity and the cost of the used filter. Matlab/Simulink is used for results validation.

/pdf/the-dynamic-response-of-spwm-vs-svpwm-synchronverter-2x7mpvpy.pdf

Hana' A. Rabab'ah

Papers

Stand-alone Hybrid System for Extracting Maximum Power and Constant Voltage under Load Variation

Modeling and Simulation of Standalone WECS-PMSG for Water Pumping System

Autocharging Techniques for Implantable Medical Applications.

The Dynamic Response of SPWM vs. SVPWM Synchronverter