To investigate levels of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Methods: The STAI, SAS and SDS were used for rating the second and third trimester pregnant women and a group of controls. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups on either the factor score or total score of STAI and SAS (p0.05). On the other hand, significant group difference was shown on both the factor score and total score of SDS (p0.01). Conclusion: Pregnant women experienced higher levels of depression than controls.

Anxiety and Depression in Pregnant Women

Because of the importance and the conceptual application of the relationship between science and behavior, historically scholars and religious texts have been dealing with. One of the major discussions between Socrates and Plato wasabout the relationship ofknowledge and virtue under the title of the unity of virtue and knowledge (Acrista). Various verses and narrations have paid to the relationship of knowledge and behavior which upon their investigation we observe the relationship as a homogeneous and associated one. This means that if an individual practice contrary to his own knowledge, again based on another science he has developed an act. The role of will in the relationship of science and behavior is a directive and continuing role and doesn’t have any incompatibility with their inseparable relation. In this study we have addressed the concepts of science and behavior which science in its general sense was realized as any reception and understood which takes place through the origins of sensation, imagination, delusion, reason and nature, and which behavior was understood as an practice which issues by human based on intent and possibility, and good deed is an practice which observes god’s criteria in the form of Sharia (law), nature, or common sense.

Reef Resources Assessment and Management Technical Paper

Purpose The effectiveness of an Internet-based guided self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy (I-GSH-CBT) was assessed in alleviating childbirth fear (CBF), depression, anxiety, and stress of pregnant women during the first delivery. Design and methods In a quasi-experimental study, pregnant women in the intervention group used the I-GSH-CBT program during pregnancy. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 42-item (DASS-42) questionnaires were used to collect the psychometric data. Findings Implementing the I-GSH-CBT significantly reduced CBF, DASS-42 scores, and cesarean section preference. Practice implications The I-GSH-CBT program effectively decreases the adverse mood symptoms in nulliparous pregnant women.

The effect of internet‐based guided self‐help cognitive‐behavioral therapies on Iranian women's psychological symptoms and preferred method of childbirth

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Benson's relaxation therapy on stress and coping among mothers with high risk pregnancy.Methods: Design: A quasi experimental Pre-Post-test design. Sample type: Purposive sampling was applied. Setting: The study was carried out at High Risk Pregnancy Unit in Mansoura University Hospital on 50 mothers with high risk pregnancy between 24 to 36 weeks of gestation in a period from October, 2016 to March, 2017. Tools: A Structured Interviewing Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and Coping Patterns Scale.Results: The average score of stress scale was significantly decreased post-intervention (13.84 Â± 2.53) compared to (24.62Â± 2.84) pre-intervention and the average scores of all domains of coping were significantly improved post- intervention (P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between the average score of stress scale with education of the mothers pre-intervention (P = 0.001) and it was eliminated post- intervention. Also, there was a significant difference between the average score of coping with stress and gravidity of the mothers pre-intervention (p = 0.05) and it was eliminated post-intervention. There was a significant negative moderate correlation between total stress score and total coping score pre and post-intervention (r = -0.511, r = -0.651, p = 0.001, respectively) that it means when the stress decreases, the coping is better.Conclusion: It has been proved that the Bensonâ€™s relaxation therapy serves as a resource for improving maternal psychological health by reducing stress and enhancing coping among high risk pregnant mothers.Recommendation: The maternity nursing services are recommended to use the Benson relaxation therapy as one of the standard non-pharmacological managements inÂ a high risk unit.

Benson's Relaxation Therapy: Its effect on Stress and Coping among Mothers with High Risk Pregnancy

This study aimed to studying the effects of planned training given to
women with preeclamptic pregnancy on stress-anxiety and oxidative stress
levels. A non-randomised controlled-study study, carried out in
Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics of Research and Application Hospital
of one university. In the study, 28 preeclamptic patients matching the
sampling criteria were taken as the experimental group and 22 other
preeclamptic patients who also match the sampling criteria constituted
the control group. Questionnaire, scale application and laboratory
evaluation for the control group were performed only once. In the
experimental group, there is a statistically significant difference
between the TAS (mmol trolox equ./L) (t = -9.71 P = 0.00) and the TOS
(lmol H2O2 equ./L) (t = 6.56 P = 0.00) measurements before and after the
training and there is a statistically significant difference between the
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (t = 3.64 P = 0.00) before and after the
training. It has been determined in the study that the planned training
given to the pregnant women who received a diagnosis of preeclampsia has
decreased their oxidative stress levels and state anxiety levels.

How is the effect of planned training given to women with preeclamptic pregnancy on oxidative stress and anxiety levels?: non-randomised controlled-study

Aim: Investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety, stress, depression, and coping pattern among pregnant with pre- eclampsia. Method: Design: Quazi experimental (pre and posttest) design. Setting: Antenatal outpatient clinic and high-risk inpatient department in Mansoura University Hospital. Subjects: Eighty six pre- eclamptic women who attending antenatal outpatient clinic, and high risk inpatient department, Mansoura University Hospital, subjects were divided randomly into two equal groups. Types of sampling: purposive sample. Tools: Five tools were used for data collection, structured interview schedule, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Perceived stress scale (PSS), Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and Coping Patterns Scale. Results: The study findings revealed that there was a statistical significant difference in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress pre and post the cognitive behavioral therapy among the intervention group (P≤0.001) with large effect size (η2=0.7). Conversely, in the control group, there was no statistical difference in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress pre and post the routine care (P>0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as a treatment option for reducing pregnancy-specific anxiety, stress and depression in preeclamptic women. Also, improve coping pattern among high risk pregnant women. Recommendations: Involvement of CBT among routine hospital care especially in a high risk unit.

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Hanan Abderahman Mostafa Kandeel

Papers

Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety, Stress, Depression, and Coping Pattern among Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia