Chitosan hydrogels in 3D printing for biomedical applications.

3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications.

Conversion of inorganic-organic frameworks (ceramic precursors and ceramic-polymer mixtures) into solid mass ceramic structures based on photopolymerization process is currently receiving plentiful attention in the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing). Various techniques (e.g., stereolithography, digital light processing, and two-photon polymerization) that are compatible with this strategy have so far been widely investigated. This is due to their cost-viability, flexibility, and ability to design and manufacture complex geometric structures. Different platforms related to these techniques have been developed too, in order to meet up with modern technology demand. Most relevant to this review are the challenges faced by the researchers in using these 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of ceramic structures. These challenges often range from shape shrinkage, mass loss, poor densification, cracking, weak mechanical performance to undesirable surface roughness of the final ceramic structures. This is due to the brittle nature of ceramic materials. Based on the summary and discussion on the current progress of material-technique correlation available, here we show the significance of material composition and printing processes in addressing these challenges. The use of appropriate solid loading, solvent, and preceramic polymers in forming slurries is suggested as steps in the right direction. Techniques are indicated as another factor playing vital roles and their selection and development are suggested as plausible ways to remove these barriers.

/pdf/photopolymerization-based-additive-manufacturing-of-ceramics-1odk2eio7i.pdf

Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing of ceramics: A systematic review

Soft robotics is currently a rapidly growing new field of robotics whereby the robots are fundamentally soft and elastically deformable Fabrication of soft robots is currently challenging and highly time- and labor-intensive Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing of soft materials and multi-materials have become the key to enable direct manufacturing of soft robots with sophisticated designs and functions Hence, this paper aims to review the current 3D printing processes and materials for soft robotics applications, as well as the potentials of 3D printing technologies on 3D printed soft robotics,The paper reviews the polymer 3D printing techniques and materials that have been used for the development of soft robotics Current challenges to adopting 3D printing for soft robotics are also discussed Next, the potentials of 3D printing technologies and the future outlooks of 3D printed soft robotics are presented,This paper reviews five different 3D printing techniques and commonly used materials The advantages and disadvantages of each technique for the soft robotic application are evaluated The typical designs and geometries used by each technique are also summarized There is an increasing trend of printing shape memory polymers, as well as multiple materials simultaneously using direct ink writing and material jetting techniques to produce robotics with varying stiffness values that range from intrinsically soft and highly compliant to rigid polymers Although the recent work is done is still limited to experimentation and prototyping of 3D printed soft robotics, additive manufacturing could ultimately be used for the end-use and production of soft robotics,The paper provides the current trend of how 3D printing techniques and materials are used particularly in the soft robotics application The potentials of 3D printing technology on the soft robotic applications and the future outlooks of 3D printed soft robotics are also presented

/pdf/a-review-of-3d-printing-processes-and-materials-for-soft-4xi08rg1tr.pdf

A review of 3D printing processes and materials for soft robotics

Polymer 3D printing is an emerging technology with recent research translating towards increased use in industry, particularly in medical fields. Polymer printing is advantageous because it enables printing low-cost functional parts with diverse properties and capabilities. Here, we provide a review of recent research advances for polymer 3D printing by investigating research related to materials, processes, and design strategies for medical applications. Research in materials has led to the development of polymers with advantageous characteristics for mechanics and biocompatibility, with tuning of mechanical properties achieved by altering printing process parameters. Suitable polymer printing processes include extrusion, resin, and powder 3D printing, which enable directed material deposition for the design of advantageous and customized architectures. Design strategies, such as hierarchical distribution of materials, enable balancing of conflicting properties, such as mechanical and biological needs for tissue scaffolds. Further medical applications reviewed include safety equipment, dental implants, and drug delivery systems, with findings suggesting a need for improved design methods to navigate the complex decision space enabled by 3D printing. Further research across these areas will lead to continued improvement of 3D-printed design performance that is essential for advancing frontiers across engineering and medicine.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1499/pdf

Hang Xu

Papers

Photo-curing 3D printing technique and its challenges

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